Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Medical Sci., 2010, No.2
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Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Medical Sci., 2010, No.2
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF MEDICAL SCIENCESPublished by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Number 2, 2010
CONTENTS
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Uss A. L., Krivenko S. L., Milanovich N. E., Fedulov A. S.
Application of cell technologies at the Republic Center of Transplantation. pp. 5--10.
Summary: In the Republic of Belarus HSC transplantation is a standard method of treatment of patients with oncological and oncohematological diseases. In order to enlarge possibilities of allogenic HSC transplantation the Cord Blood Bank was established at the Minsk 9th Clinical Hospital. HSC transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis became an innovative technology for Belarusian practical healthcare. Ñ î-transplantation of MSC and HSC for treatment of different hematological and non-hematological diseases seems to be one of the most promising scientific-practical developments.
Devina E. A., Prinkova T. Y., Tahanovich A. D.
Influence of cigarette smoke extract on the state of rat alveolar macrophages. pp. 11--15.
Summary: Cigarette smoke is a major source of oxidants, e.g., free radicals, including semiquinone, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide in lungs. The oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat alveolar macrophages under the influence of cigarette smoke was studied in vitro. AMs were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The sharp increase of H2O2 concentration and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (which reflects lipid peroxidation) produced by AM after they were incubated for 1 and 24 hours in medium supplemented with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were revealed. These changes were followed by the suppressed activity of superoxidedismutase, catalase and glutathionperoxidase. The revealed imbalance depends on tar concentration in CSE and duration of cell incubation with CSE.
Kirillov V. A., Gladyshev A. O., Demidchik E. P. †
Cytological diagnosis of thyroid diseases using an expert system. pp. 16--25.
Summary: The technology of creating an expert system for diagnosing major forms of thyroid diseases based on a set of qualitative signs of cell atypia has been developed. The system works by a question-answer principle. Transformation of qualitative signs of cell atypia into a quantitative form has been made allowing an objective diagnosis of thyroid diseases by the value of a diagnostic index with a percent probability. Significance of making a diagnosis using the created expert system has been demonstrated.
Soltanov V. V., Komarovskaya L. M.
Activity of denervated smooth muscles of a stomach and intestines in experiment. pp. 26--32.
Summary: In acute experiments on rats under thiopental anesthesia (70 mg/kg, ip) after cutting (in 1.5 hours) subdiaphragmatic vagal nerves and also all splanchnic, cranial, caudal mesenteric plexes more distal from appropriate ganglia, the administration of water (0.5 ml) into a stomach or LPS (0.5-1.0 ug in isotonic solution of NaCl, 0.5 ml) in tranverse colon was established to result in significant increase or decrease of smooth muscle potentials of a stomach, duodenum, caudal part of jejunum, ileum or colon. It is supposed that under the conditions of colitis hypermotility reactions of all segments of the gastrointestinal tract proceed mainly without the participation of ANS and are a important factor for the initiation of diarrhea.
Lutzkaya I., Novak N.
Resistance of a new photopolymer to the mechanical influence. pp. 33--35.
Summary: The research results on the microhardness of samples of a new Belarusian filling material in comparison with import composite filling materials are presented in the article. The physical-mechanical characteristics of enamel, dentin and different filling materials are also presented.
Borodinsky A. N., Dremza I. K.
Antioxidative effects of thyamine of the rat liver under low-intensity laser radiation. pp. 36--39.
Summary: The influence of low-intensity laser radiation (100 mWt/sm2, 0.83 mm, 90 s ´ 4) on the rat liver area causes the activation of lipid peroxidation processes in the liver tissue (increase in the maintenance of TBARS) and the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, glutationperoxidase, glutationreductase) that are normalized at preliminary administration of hydrochloride thyamine into animals in a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight. In the solution with trer-butylgydroperoxide and hemolysate of human erythrocytes, thyamine suppresses the activity of luminal-dependent chemiluminescence, showing the antiradical (scavendger) properties that should make a contribution to the antioxidant properties of thyamine in vivo.
Mikhailov A. N., Zharnov A. M., Zharnova O. A.
Kinematics of movement of the cervical department of the backbone in the sagital plane. pp. 40--45.
Summary: The kinematics model of movement of the cervical department of the backbone in the sagital plane is analyzed as moving vertebra due to two forward and one rotary freedom degrees. The experimental results on the movement of the cervical department of the backbone in the given plane are processed. The full amplitude of movement of all vertebra of the cervical department in norm, and also the deformation of intervertebral disks (on their areas and distances between the vertebra at the fixed points) are investigated at the maximum amplitude of the head movement. It is shown that the movement of vertebra of the healthy backbone in the sagital plane occurs at a minor alteration of the area of the intervertebral disk, which results in insignificant loadings on the vertebra.
Sharapova T. A.
Approaches to HLA-genotyping of human embryos in order to select donors for children with hematological and immunological disorders. pp. 46--53.
Summary: Most hematological malignancies, primary immunodeficiencies and hematological-inherited disorders in children can be cured by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In most cases an HLA-identical sibling is required. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), has been introduced for couples at risk of transmitting genetic disorder to their offsprings to select naffected embryos for transfer insuring a disease free pregnancy. PGD is performed by testing single blastomeres, removed from preimplantation embryos, obtained by In Vitro Fertilization. Recently preimplantation HLA typing has been proposed as a new application of PGD for creating a tissue matched child that can serve as a hematopoietic stem cell donor for a sick sibling in need of a stem cell transplant. This article describes the development, application and comparison of two approaches to preimplantation HLA typing involving ASP-PCR and indirect STR-based HLA haplotyping. Indirect STR haplotyping has demonstrated an increased sensitivity (95.5%) and specificity (99%) and became a method of choice for extensive application in PGD. Developed rapid and non labour-intensive protocol for preimplantation STR-genotyping has been applied in 246 IVF/PGD cycles, resulting in birth of 45 healthy babies HLA matching to their affected siblings.
Hlinnik S. V., Ryneiskaya O. N., Romanovsky I. V., Prakopchyk Ê. G.
Characteristic of the behaviour reactions and the hormonal state of rats under heat and cold stresses. pp. 54--58.
Summary: Behaviour reactions and hormonal state of experimental animals are researched under heat and cold stresses. It is determined that response of experimental animals doesn't depend on the kind of stress. Heat stress causes expressed stress reaction of experimental animal organisms with increasing of rectal temperature and weight coefficient of adrenals, significant decreasing of behaviour reactions of rats, increasing of Cortisol level, decreasing of insulin level, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the serum. Cold stress causes more significant responses of experimental animal organisms such as decreasing of rectal temperature of rats, increasing of adrenal weight coefficient, increasing of emotionality, decreasing of motional and explorative activity of rats in the "Open field" test, increasing of Cortisol and triiodothyronine levels, decreasing of insulin and thyroxine levels in the serum.
Kravchenko E. V., Ponteleeva I. V.
Peculiarities of circadian rhythms of the motor activity of inbred mice in the conditions of low-intensity stress. pp. 59--63.
Summary: In the conditions of low-intensity stress, clear interline differences have been found between circadian rythms of the motor activity of BALB/c and C57B1/6 inbred mice, which differ by emotional-stress reaction phenotype. The article describes biorythmic indices (acrophase, rhythm amplitude, MESOR, etc.) that change under the stress in BALB/c animals with genetically modified anxiety status. The use of BALB/c inbred mice has been suggested for modeling stress-induced desynchronosis.
Ilukevich G. V., Smirnov V. M., Levchina N. N.
Surveillance of antibiotic resistant gram-positive nosocomial pathogens in Minsk intensive care units. pp. 64--72.
Summary: The aim of the performed study was to evaluate species of gram-positive pathogens causing nosocomial infections in Minsk hospitals intensive care units (ICUs) and their resistance to common antimicrobials. We have found Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. as the main causative pathogens of hospital acquired infections. High levels of resistance to antibiotics have been found among these microorganisms. Only vancomycin and linesolide have been recognized as active antimicrobials for nosocomial gram-positive infections. The choice of antimicrobial for empirical therapy for hospital acquired infections in ICUs better to be based on continuing microbiological surveillance in particular department. This fact makes the procedure of monitoring of hospital microflora and its resistance to antibiotics to be mandatory in every ICU.
Voronova N. V., Sirosh O. P., Ryabzeva T. V., Talako T. M., Soroka N. F.
Amount of immunoglobuline, T- and B-lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with cytostatic Leucladin. pp. 73--77.
Summary: It was found that the amount of  cells was significantly decreased in rheumatoid arthritis patients by Leucladin (Cladribin) therapy. But for all, in the patients' peripheral blood there was no decrease in both the total Ig-titre and the content of the rheumatoid factor. The absence of the connection between the  cells abundance and Ig concentration in the rheumatoid arthritis patients' blood allows us to suppose that the CD19+ cells apoptosis induced by Leucladin (Cladribin) therapy leads to a high rate of the  cells, which differentiates the plasma cells.
Stepanova J. I.
Clinical laboratory estimation of magnitolaser therapy efficiency on haemostasis system in patients with ischemic stroke. pp. 78--84.
Summary: The aim of investigation was to study the influence of magnitolaser therapy on haemostasis system and the determine laboratory markers of its efficiency in patients with ischemic stroke. 74 patients with acute ischemic stroke in internal carotid system were examined. The decreasing of degree and velocity of platelet aggregation, the increasing of coagulation findings compared to the initial and control levels in patients after the course of magnitolaser therapy were established. Thus, magnitolaser therapy contributes to the positive changes of the haemostasis condition in the complex treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. The markers of magnitolaser haemotherapy efficiency in ischemic stroke which was determined by laboratory coagulation tests with high diagnostics sensitivity and specificity, were established.
Komissarova S. M., Karviga I. I., Melnikova O. P.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of the definition of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. pp. 85--91.
Summary: The study considers the use of N-terminal fragments of precursors of plasma brain natriuretic hormone in diagnostics of LV dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP). We measured concentrations of Nt-proBNP and conducted complex echocardiographical examination in 86 patients with obstructive and non-obstructive HCMP. In patients with HCMP the elevated plasma content of N-proBNP is associated with the severity of LV diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy of LV as well as of hemodynamic and functional disturbances.
Prokhorova V. I., Zhavrid E. A., Antonenkova N. N., Ermakov N. Â., Lappo S. V., Tsyrus T. P., Gotko O. V., Shishlo L. M.
Changes in the blood serum content of the principal index of angiogenesis activity at different stages of diagnosis and treatment for metastatic breast cancer patients. pp. 92--95.
Summary: Laboratory examinations of the principal index of angiogenesis activity in the blood serum demonstrated that the VEGF level in the blood serum of metastatic breast cancer patients is significantly higher than in healthy individuals. Furthermore, our study data suggest that the initial VEGF level correlates with the response to subsequent antitumour chemotherapy. The findings of this study seem promising in terms of further research: in the case of being confirmed in larger studies, they would allow developing new approaches to diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer, as well as to individualization of systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer patients.
Titovets E. P., Parkach L. P., Smirnova L. A.
Oxygen turnover in erythrocytes in patients with various forms of anemia. pp. 96--100.
Summary: A new technology has been developed for study of oxygen turnover in erythrocytes in patients with various forms of anemia. A 1.5 increase in the erythrocyte membrane oxygen permeability rates has been revealed in patients with neoplastic blood diseases which correlated positively with the duration of the disease and was independent of the hemoglobin content, hematocrit and middle cell volume.
SURVEYS
Kaljunov V. N., Chernov A. N., Kulchitsky V. A.
Nerve growth factor and pain sensitivity. pp. 101--107.
Summary: Based on the data of the present authors and those available in the literature the laws of the influence of the nerve growth factor (NGF) on the nervous cells and tissues are outlined. It is shown that the NGF participates in the mechanisms of development of peripheral hyperalgesia at experimental modelling of animals in different pain-inducing situations, and also of healthy volunteers and people with different forms of pathologies accompanied by a painful syndrome. Concrete results of application, in the specified conditions, of some preparations hindering the interaction of the NGF with own receptors, and their potential opportunities for use in clinical practice are discussed.
Sidorenko G. I.
Development of the study on myocardial preconditioning (outcomes and perspectives). pp. 108--111.
Summary: Among the new ischemic syndromes a preconditioning (pre-treatment) syndrome was described in 1986 as well. Simultaneously in the Soviet Union a similar syndrome was described, i.e. adaptation to discontinuous ischemia (1986). The syndromes described used to be revealed in clinic on the isolated myocardium, on the endothelium cells as well as on other organs favoring the increase of their function. In this work conditions providing the improvement of the ischemic substrate function were established. To this effect a two-phase functional study was performed: the first stage was a committed definition of the adaptation reserve and the second stage was an external impact in the network of the stated adaptation reserve.
Sokolnik V. P., Ershova-Pavlova A. A.
Problem on the mechanism of tumor development in women – mutation carriers in the Breast Cancer gene 1 (BRCA1). pp. 112--118.
Summary: The recent studies on the involvement of mammary stem/progenitor cells in the development of BRCAl-associated breast cancer are considered. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that BRCA1 plays a critical role in the differentiation of stem cells and suggests that the loss of BRCA1 may result in the accumulation of genetically unstable breast stem cells, providing further tumor ogenesis.
SCIENTISTS OF BELARUS
In the memory of Oswald Jan Leonovich Bekish. pp. 119-120.
Click here to read this article in Russian (Win1251)
In the memory of Evgenii Pavlovich Demidchik. pp. 121-122.
Click here to read this article in Russian (Win1251)
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