Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Chemical Sci., 2009, No.1
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Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Chemical Sci., 2009, No.1
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF CHEMICAL SCIENCESPublished by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Number 1, 2009
CONTENTS
TO THE 80th ANNIVERSARY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BELARUS
Krut'ko N. P.
Summarizing results of scientific, technology and innovation activity of National Academy Division of Chemistry and Earth Sciences. pp. 4--11
Summary: A summary of scientific, technology and innovation activity for institutions of Division of Chemistry and Earth Sciences based on the results obtained in years 2006--2008, is presented. The main problems to be solved, according to the Program of Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for years 2006--2010, have been formulated. Solving them provides the opportunity for national economy development, saving of energy and resource, increase of the country's export potential and greater contribution of chemistry and earth sciences to innovative development of the Republic of Belarus.
Lesnikovich A. I., Vorobyova S. A., Selevich A. F.
Chemical engineering approach to preparation and use of some salts and nanodisperse materials. pp. 12--27
Summary: The review of the investigations performed by engineering-modified chemical methods for the purpose of obtaining nano-sized components of various materials and synthesis of trivalent metal phosphates, with the common idea of performing reactions in a thin layer including interphase border, is presented. Data on synthesis, properties and application of nano-sized Au, Ag, Pd, Ni, Co, Cu, Pd/Ni, Pd/Co, CuO, ZnO, CdS, Cu(OH)2 etc. are presented. Results of studying reactions in M2O3--P2O5--H2O systems (M is trivalent metal) using the developed task-specific thin layer technique are considered. Orders of consecutive crystallization of metal phosphates in each system at increasing temperature and/or decreasing water content have been determined. Reliable techniques for preparation of several hundreds of known and more than eighty new compounds, characterized and identified by XRD, IR-spectroscopy, chemical and thermal analysis, paper chromatography, have been developed. Application and prospects of use for prepared materials and synthesized phosphates are discussed.
Shutava T. G., Agabekov V. E.
Multilayer film structures based on polyphenols, and their antioxidant properties. pp. 28--40
Summary: Kinetics of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt stable cation-radical (ABTS+•) interaction with mono- and multilayers of tannic acid, (-)-epigallocathechin gallate and tearubigins formed by the layer-by-layer assembly method with poly (allylamine hydrochloride) and gelatins, as well as antioxidant properties of phenols in multilayers, as compared with homogeneous systems, have been investigated.
Lishtvan I. I., Falushin P. L.
Chemical composition and ways for energy technology use of brown coals and shale oils from Belarus fields. pp. 41--54
Summary: Properties and chemical composition of technological brown coals sample of the Brinevskoye deposit have been studied. Ways for their energy-technological use both to produce heat and power through direct combustion and as a raw material for thermal-chemical processing to obtain high-calorie energy carrier were proposed.
Kudelsky A. V.
Deep water and geofluids in earth crust and upper mantle. pp. 55--71
Summary: A model of hydrophysical zonation of the lithosphere has been built with a due consideration given to the water conditions under various thermobaric environments of the Earth's interior. Some large tectonic forms of Belarus have been divided into zones with their hydrogeological and fluidogeological peculiarities considered which provides new possibilities of research of the spatial distribution and tectogeochemical conditions of formation of ore and non-ferrous minerals.
Makhnach N. A., Matveev A. V.
Underground chemical denudation at the territory of Belarus. pp. 72--76
Summary: The average value of the underground chemical denudation (UCD) in Belarus is estimated as 15,5 t/km2 year-1. Its spatial variability depends on several factors. Faster groundwater drainage peculiar for rugged terrains, higher contents of carbonates in Quaternary deposits as well as in Prequaternary rocks cause an increased intensity of UCD (up to 30 and more t/km2 year-1). The rates of individual dissolved lithogenic components runoff change in the following order: HCO3- > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > SiO2 ~ Na+ > K+.
Trostyanko I. V., Dolgopalets V. I., Kisel M. A., Lakhvich F. A.
Promising approaches towards preparative synthesis on 5-aminolevulinic acid. pp. 77--82
Summary: In this review, various approaches to preparative synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid for optimization of this important substance's manufacture are described. Methods of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis from five-membered heterocyclic compounds as readily available reagents are laid out in detail.
Kaputskii F. N., Torgashov V. I., Zubets O. V., Gert E. V., Jones D. L., Fink H. P.
Deactivation of annual vegetable raw material under the conditions of nitrogen-acid-sodium method for making cellulose. pp. 83--86
Summary: The nitric acid/sodium alkali delignification procedure has been found suitable for processing of agricultural wastes contaminated with radioactive pollutants, to obtain cellulose half-products and nitrolignin complying with the radiation safety standards. The removal of ~ 95% of radioactive mineral components has been accomplished at the first nitric acid step of the process, and radioactivity of alkaline nitrolignin extracts obtained at the second step has been rather low. The procedure proposed opens up the possibility for rehabilitation of environmentally problematic territories not only by producing non-radioactive alcohol and oil from seeds, as has been commonly practiced for a long time, but also by conversion of the main radioactivity accumulator, agricultural straw, into commercially valuable products. It has been shown that stalks of oil-bearing plants (rape, soya) can be used, along with cereal straw, for producing cellulose half-products with acceptable physical and mechanical characteristics, according to pulp-and-paper industry standards.
Komarov V. S., Leonenko L. I., Rat'ko A. I.
Relationship between initial solution concentration, preparation temperature and structure of obtained titanium dioxide and silicic acid gels. pp. 87--91
Summary: The relationship between adsorption-structural properties of titanium and silicon dioxides, initial solution concentrations and precipitation temperature has been studied. It has been shown that the Vs and Sspec.
of titanium dioxide decrease both with concentration increase of the source solution, and the precipitation temperature, as a result of crystallization. Similar structural changes occurs in the case of silicon dioxide. The mechanism and specific features of structuring have been discussed and theoretically substantiated.
Kuvaeva Z. I., Vodopyanova L. A., Kovaltchuk I. V., Soldatov V. S.
Extraction of arginine from water-salt solutions. pp. 92--96
Summary: Arginine extraction by dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid solutions has been studied, the effect of the higher alcohol extractant additive upon selectivity of arginine extraction in a wide range of pH and concentration values of the amino acid has been investigated.
Kudina E. F., Pleskachevsky Yu. M.
On thermodestruction of phenylon modified by organosilicate products. pp. 97--103
Summary: The mechanism of thermal destruction and its kinetic parameters have been determined for the composite materials based on phenylon C-2 modified by highly dispersed organometallic silicates. Most promising fillers that improve thermal resistance of phenylon C-2 and decelerate its thermal destruction have been shown to be the ones based on epoxy-silicate matrix with intercalated iron or cobalt atoms.
Dikusar E. A., Yuvchenko A. P., Moiseichuk K. L., Kozlov N. G., Potkin V. I.
Functionally substituted lithium, copper, silver and mercury acetylides. pp. 104--123
Summary: The review deals with synthesis and investigation of physical and chemical properties of functional substituted acetylenides of lithium, copper, silver, mercury, as well as triple bond compounds prepared from them.
SCIENTISTS OF BELARUS
Rakhmanov S.K., Krut'ko N.P., Bildyukevich A. V. et al.
Yury Arturovich Ol'dekop (On the occasion of 90th birthday). pp. 124--125
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