Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2006, No.4
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Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2006, No.4
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESPublished by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Number 4, 2006
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
Reshetnikov V. N., Gribok N. A., Nenadovisch R. A., Svitkovskaya O. I.
The contents biological active compounds of Colchicum L. representatives in the conditions of Belarus. pp. 5--11
Summary: The seasonal dynamics of cochicine alkaloids (cochicine and colchamine), anthocyan compounds, catechins, tannins, flavones, phenolecarboxylic acids contents and polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities in the organs of Colchicum speciosum Stev. and Ñ. autumnale L. under introduction in conditions of Belarus were established.
The greatest content of the secondary compounds by the aerial organs at the flowering and budding phases and by the bulbotubers at the beginning sprouting was accumulated. The similarity of the basic tendencies in the seasonal dynamics of the secondary metabolites contents of Colchicum genus representatives was detected. But the some species specific features of the secondary metabolism was found.
The dependence of the different biological active compounds accumulation by the organs of Colchicum speciosum Stev. and Ñ. autumnale L. on the weather conditions of vegetative season under the introduction in Belarus was showed for the first time.
Kabushàva I. N.
Changes in anatomical and morphological leaf structure of Rudbeckia hirta L. under introduction in Belarus. pp. 12--16
Summary: Rudbeckia hirta L. is the typical monocarp in native conditions of North America. But under the introduction in conditions of Belarus (Minsk) it develops as polycarpic perennial. The adaptable potential of the species is realized by more xerophytic structure in the conditions of culture with smaller quantity of precipitation in comparison with a natural area. These are shown in anatomic structure of cotyledons (reduction of a cell average weight) and of the basal leaf (development of more powerful epidermis, of two lays of the palisade parenchyma, lengthening of its cells).
Kalatskaya J. N., Laman N. A.
Peculiarities of growth, development and plant productivity of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at treatment of seeds with the diphenylurea and thiram. pp. 17--24
Summary: In comparative study the influence of presowing treatment of spring barley seeds var. Gonar by the incubation in acetone or film coating with the complex of diphenylurea and thiram on peculiarities of plant growth, development and productivity has been investigated in greenhouse trials. Seed treatment by both methods promoted the acceleration of plant development, the activation of shooting, the formation of optimum photosynthetic leaf surface and the increase in grain productivity in comparison with control. Application of complex in acetone allowed to decrease the doze of thiram and to reduce the pesticide load to environment.
Petrykova J. M.
Features of formation of the vegetative cover on clear felling the spruce woods of subzone Carpineta-Querceta-Piceeta of woods in Belarus. pp. 25--33
Summary: The problem of restoration of fir forests after clear felling represents special interest in connection with their general condition and that in the central part of Belarus the spruce is near to the southern limit of geographical distribution. The fast change of ecological conditions wich was coused by elimination spruce leads to change of specific structure of the vegetation described by a number of dynamic stages at early stages succession (from 1 till 10 years after clear felling). The change of a ratio of species of plants with different types of vital strategy and their influence on renewal of spruce as the basic estimated parameter was tracked.
Domination of such kinds as Rubus idaeus L., Chamaenerion angustifolium (L). Scop., Urtica dioica L. favorably affects development young growth of spruce was established. On clear felling, where dominate turfy grasses (Molinia caerulea (L.) Moenh., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth., Ñ. arundinacea (L.) Roth.), renewal of spruce is complicated because they from à powerful layer of a laying from grass fallow also allocation roots, which suppressed the germination of seeds and development of shoots.
In spite of that the spruce wood cultures on the majority of continuous clear felling are created and its are subject to care grow over them is characterized by the same number of dynamic stages, as on the clear felling left under natural forest regeneration.
Anisova Z. M., Yakushev B. I.
The peculiarities of accumulation and distribution of the natural isotopes of uranium in vegetative parts of Pinus sylvestris L. in the main types of pine woods of Minsk hills. pp. 34--38
Summary: The article contains experimental data regarding the accumulation and distribution of natural isotopes of uranium in vegetative parts of Pinus sylvestris L., growing in various ecological conditions. The concentration of uranium in plants of pine is from 1.3·10-5 and up to 67.5·10-3% (in ash of plants). In parts of Pinus sylvestris L. the distribution of uranium is extremely irregular -- the greatest amount of uranium is accumulated in the wood and bark, i. e. in the parts which do not have any processes of vital activity or have processes of activity which are badly manifested; the least concentrations of uranium are observed in pine needles which have the most active metabolism processes were shown. According to the concentration of uranium parts of Pinus sylvestris L. can be arranged in the following way: wood > bark > roots > branches > needles. The same parts of pine in different edaphic and phytocenosical conditions don’t accumulate equal amount of uranium was founded.
Krasinskaya T. A., Koukhartchyk N. V.
The changes of chlorophylls a and b and sugar concentration in Cerasus Mill. plants during adaptation ex vitro. pp. 39--46
The changes of chlorophylls content (Chl a + b) and soluble sugars of Cerasus Mill. plants at the in vitro rhizogenesis stage, ex vitro adaptation stage into sand and ion exchange substrates during 32 weeks were researched. The infl uence of adaptation substrates and plant genotypes on activity of photosynthetic pigment synthesis were marked. Researching results show the plant resistance to dehydration in stress situation (transfer from in vitro to ex vitro conditions) involves changes in sugar concentration. The monosugars content decreasing and saccharose content increasing contributed to increasing of regenerants resistant to dehydration thus increasing of quantity of survived regenerants in ex vitro conditions. The changes in synthesis of soluble sugars content allowed to make that monosugars and saccharose content are the index of plant physiological stress after culture in vitro.
Yanchevskaya T. G.
The transport features of root the plants of potatoes (Sîlanum tuberosum L.) for ions NO3- and NH4+ in hydroponics control conditions. pp. 47--52
The transport features of root the meristemic plant of potatoes for ions NO3- and NH4+ in hydroponics dissolve in control conditions by means of potentionical methods with using macro-electrodes were studied. On kinetic dependency shown that ion NH4+ in the presence of the nitrate in hydroponics dissolve has a single-line transport feature, and net-flow for 3 hours has formed for middle early sorts values 0.25 mg-eq (Skarb -- a belorussian selection) and 0.28 mg-eq (Nikita -- a dutch selection). NO3- was transported in cells on exponential dependencies with lag-phase, forming 3 hours, after which began a single-line area on kinetic crooked, continue within 2 hours, at flow NH4+ in cells completely was stopped. Similar dependencies of transport of ions NO3- and in present of the ion K+, however with the intensity in 2 times greater were observed.
On existence of channels on plasmalemma to root of cell a potatoes, permeable as for ions K+, so and for ions NH4+, which inactivation a transport while activations NO3- flow in root the ñells of meristemic regenerants of potato was suggestion.
Kvitko O. V., Sheiko Y. I., Koneva I. I., Anisovich M. V.
Beta-galactosidase activity in the ageing and immortal cell populations. pp. 53--57
Summary: The differences of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) activity at pH 6.0 between the ageing population of human embryonic fibroblasts and the immortalized cells line established from the mouse embryo were studied. The conspicuous increase of the proportion of beta-gal positive cells in the low-density culture of ageing embryonic fibroblasts with the increase during cultivation was found. On the contrary, the relatively constant proportion of beta-gal positive cells in the low-density cultures of the immortalized cell line was revealed. These differences may be caused by the presence of the actively proliferating cells subpopulation in the immortalized culture. The data obtained give evidence to the prospects of the use of beta-gal test for study of the heterogeneity of immortalized cell populations (cancer tumour cells including) as well as ageing ones.
Shimko V. E.
Particularities of formation the photosynthetic apparatus in heterotic F1 hybrids of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) of different productivity. pp. 58--63
Summary: When comparing F1 hybrids and their parental forms, significant differences in the content of plastid pigments (Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, carotenoids) per leaf square unit at shooting -- and flowering stages were detected. Chlorophyll accumulation, and less photosynthetic activity of photosystem II and heterosis effect in the studied reciprocal hybrids to depend on genotype and direction of crosses were shown.
Volotîvich A. A.
The analysis of inheritance of some economically important traits of hybrids F1 of sunflower Helianthus annuus L. of Belorusian breeding. pp. 64--68
Summary: The nature of inheritance of economically important traits of hybrids F1 of sunflower of Belorussian breeding, created in topcrosses was studied. The Belorussian hybrids was early-maturing with low hull content in the majority of cases were determined. The heterosis effects and intermediate type of inheritance of the most hybrids in plant height, head diameter, seed weight per head, weight of 1000 seeds were observed. The strategy of selection of parental pairs for creation an early-maturing and productive hybrids of sunflower was discussed.
Sauchanka U. K.
Parameters of self-organization of the genetic system of the biosphere. pp. 69--76
Summary: The factors of the genetic system of the biosphere statics and dynamics are analysed and the system parameters characterizing its state in time and space are proposed. The definition of the genetic systems organization, their varity and fitness to environment is formulated. Between basic parameters of genetic entities composing the genetic system of the biosphere exist direct and feedbacks which restrict its evovutionary dynamics in the frameworks of system constrains. Organisation, fitness and varity of the genetic systems are changing during evolutionary process in associative but not in chaotic way forming permitted system transition and increasing its organizational novelties.
Yaronskaya E. B., Drozd T. V., Shalygo N. V., Averina N. G.
Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on plant growth and photosynthetic pigment content in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. pp. 77--80
The effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) at low concentrations on plant growth and pigment accumulation in barley seedlings was investigated. An application of ALA at 0.012 -- 0.12 ìÌ by presowing seed soaking promoted the growth and development of barley seedlings and increased carotenoid content. The optimal concentration of ALA was 0.06 mM. Pretreatment of seeds with amino acid alanine did not influence upon growing of barley seedling. This can testify to specific action of ALA as plant growth regulator.
Svirnovski A. I., Pasiukov V. V.
Cyclosporine A-modulated sensibility of tumor cell sublines with multidrug resistance phenotype to inducing drug. pp. 81--84
Summary: The established multidrug resistant lymphoblastoid cell sublines have been used for the analysis of Cyclosporin A modulation activity on drug resisitance. Cyclosporin A contribution to tumor cells drug resistance overcoming may be associated with both its direct cytostatic effect especially in concert with other cytostatics and its inhibitory action on cell defence mechanisms namely on P-gp activity.
Badigina N. A., Kastsiuk S. A.
Comparative analysis of PCR diagnostic efficiency when using the different ways of determination the amplified DNA. pp. 85--89
Summary: Comparative analysis of PCR diagnostic efficiency in determing causative agents of myco-ureaplasma infection no significant difference for amplification with gel-electrophoresis, hybridization with nucleotide markers and with usage of melt curves was shown. However, it was determined that PCR with hybridization is preferable to use in large cogort of patients for U. urealyticum and M. hominis DNA detection, since for selection tests PCR with electrophoresis detection and with analysis of melt curves should be used. As Real-time PCR with Sybr-Green I lets noid contamination, subjective interpretative of results, decreases time, inputs and allows to do quantitative analysis of bacteria loads, it is considered should given the method of choice for diagnostics.
Dremza I. K., Sudnicovich E. Yu., Zavodnik I. B.
Oxygen tension dependent processes induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide in erythrocytes. pp. 90--94
Summary: The addition of BHP to RBC suspension resulted in biphasic changes of pO2 . The increase in pO2 was due to the oxyhemoglobin oxidation by organic hydroperoxide and the decrease in pO2 was related to the increased oxygen utilization for free radical generation processes were suggested. The accumulation in membrane end products of lipid peroxidation depended on the oxygen concentration in the cell suspension and correlated with the oxygen dissociation curve of cellular oxyhemoglobin.
Novitsky R. V.
The comparative analysis of Anuran’s diets in natural and transformed ecosystems of Belarus and Poland. pp. 95--102
Summary: Since 1989 till 1998 the nutrition of anuran’s on a terrain of Belarus and north-eastern Poland were investigated. The main part of stomach content simples with a safe-live method (557 from 839 simples of seven species of anurans) were taken.
The trends of changing and overlapping in a victims dominating structure in different type of habitats with comparative analysis was shown.
There are three strategies of nutrition: 1) the compensation of low mass of victims by them number (common toad); 2) the consumption of the small number of large victims (green toad, common and edible frogs); 3) the consumption of different objects (fire-bellied toad, common spadefood) were identified.
Redistribution of feed resources on the guild level reach with heterogeneity of victims and different strategy of hunting. This get allow to eat up different victims, which are optimal for each strategy.
REVIEWS
Kastsiuk S. A., Baranova L. A., Emelyanova V. P.
The real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) is modern method of molecular biology. pp. 103--112
Summary: The principles of conventional PCR techniques to be the most popular approaches to analyze the composition of nucleic acids by virtue of their artificial amplification its advantages and disadvantages were give described.
Real-time PCR is improved a technique. It possesses more high specifi city rapidity, sensitivity, reproducibility and reduced risk of possible contamination and allows both qualitatively and quantitatively to monitor during an amplification. Real-time of PCR is based on the detection and quantization the intensity of fluorescent signals and concentration of specific DNA probes. This signal is increased proportionally to the amount of PCR products formed in the reaction medium. Two basic methods for the quantitative detection of the amplicons are exist. The details of technique application are described and explanations it broadly used in molecular biology laboratory and in clinikal practice for diagnostics of prenatal states, oncology, infection diseases ect. are given.
Tegako O. V.
Morphologic aberrations in roots of human teeth. pp. 113--118
Summary: The results of the investigations of individual and ethnic aberrations in root structure of maxillary and mandibular molars were considered. Significant differences in root structure of molars between some ethnic groups was revealed. But complex studies on the theme were not held. The results of small isolated investigations of different authors could not precisely show reliability of group differences due to different effectiveness of research methods used.
SCIENTISTS OF BELARUS
Genadiy Feodosievich Rikovskiy (To his 70th birthday). pp. 119--121
Volotovskii I.D., Khotylyova L.V., Mosse I.D. et al.
Grigoriy Grigorievich Goncharenko (To his 55th birthday). pp. 122--123
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