Весці АН Беларусі. Сер. хім. навук, 1997, No.3
/ Выданні акадэміі / Навуковыя часопісы
Весці АН Беларусі. Сер. хім. навук, 1997, No.3
| Весці Акадэміі навук Беларусі
СЕРЫЯ ХІМІЧНЫХ НАВУКВыдавец: Беларуская навука, Мінск, Рэспубліка Беларусь
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Нумар 3, 1997
ЗМЕСТ
АНАЛІТЫЧНАЯ ХІМІЯ
Lishtvan I.I., Kraiko V.M., Lipskaya T.I., Pinchuk L.V., Sosnovskaya N.E.
Determination of nitrates and chlorides by ion-chromatography and ionmetric methods. pp. 5--9
Summary: Simultaneous ion-chromatography determination of F-, Cl-, NO-2, PO2-4, SO2-4 and NO-3 ions has been carried out in water using Aniex EA-37 sorbent and carbonate eluent. Nitrates have been determined by ionmetric tecnique with a film membrane electrode EMF-NO3-01, in the case of nitrates a chloroselective electrode EM-Cl-01 has been used.
A satisfactory agreement between results of nitrate and chloride determinations by these two methods has been shown, the advantages of each method have been pointed. For different waters to be effectively analysed it is advisable to use a combination of these two methods.
Nikolaev B A., Lomako V.L., Rakhmanko E.M.
Potentiometric determination of halogenides in biological liquids under nonequilibrium conditions. pp. 10--13
Summary: Potentiometric measurements under nonequilibrium conditions suppose, as rule, equipment working according to principle of Flow-Injection Analysis (FIA) or Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA), which is always bulky. In this paper an installation has been proposed which includes ionmeter, x-y-recorder and a large vessel containing a background electrolite (V = 10l) in which an indicator and a reference electrodes are completely immersed. A sample of the solution being analysed is put to a membrane of the indicator electrode with a measuring syringe, x-y-recorder pen is deviated, a peak height being proportional to a concentration measured. A large ammound of measurements has been made with chloride-, bromide- and iodideselective electrodes containing membranes based on ion crystals. A method for chloride determination in a blood serum has been worked out.
ФІЗІЧНАЯ ХІМІЯ
Ratko A.I., Stepanova E.A., Vecher V.A., Bolotnikova E.V.
Composition, adsorption-structural and physical-chemical properties of Belarus carbonate tripolies. pp. 14--20
Summary: The results are presented of a study of physical chemical properties and a composition of Belarus carbonate tripolies. The tripolies have been shown to be complex mineral compounds possessing an expanding adsorptivity and ion-exchange properties which are of an important practical significance.
Streltsov E. A., Osipovich N. P., Ivashkevich L. S., Lyakhov A. S.
Electrochemical plation of lead telluride films. pp. 21-24
Summary: The regularities of film electrodeposition from acid aqueous solutions containing TeO2 and Pb(II) cation forms have been investigated. Formation of PbTe has been found to be possible at more positive potentials than irreversible one EPb2+/Pb0 and to be due to interactions between Te-atoms electrodeposited under overvoltage conditions and Pb-atoms underpotentially deposited on Te. The films formed at potentials -0.35 <E < -0.10 V (Ag/AgCl) consist mainly of crystalline PbTe (cubic system) without predominant orientation of crystallites.
Matveiko N.P., Novikov G.I.
Modification of bisilicide electrode materials by carbon. 3. Anodic oxidation of potassium iodide to iodate. pp. 25-31
Summary: The resuts are presented of a study of electro-chemical properties of electrode materials based on bisilicides of d-elements of the 4 to 7 groups of the Periodical system. These materials have been modified by a different quantity of a carbon during anodic oxidation of potassium iodide to iodate. Main kinetic parameters of the process have been determined. Corrosive resistance of the materials has been studied during anodic liberation of chlorine and preparation of potassium iodate.
Rogach A.L., Katsikas L., Kornovski A., Eichmuller A., Weller H.
Nanoclustes of cadmium telluride: Absorption spectra and
photoluminescence in a water colloid solution. pp. 32--37
Summary: Adsorption and photoluminescence properties of CdTe nanoclustes stabilized by mercaptocompounds in a water solution have been studied. Pronounced electronic transitions in spectra of the clusters, which are shifted toward higher energies as compared to a bulk CdTe are evidence of a strong quantum confinement of the nanosized CdTe particles. A cluster size has been estimated using extended effective mass approximation. Two types of a size- and surface-dependent fluorescence (that of "excitonic" and "trap") are characteristic of the CdTe nanocluster. Spectral positions of the photoluminescence bands are determined by a size of the particles and a state of their surface.
Vorobjeva T.N., Bobrovskaya V.P., Sviridov V.V.
Phase composition and structure of electrochemically plated nickel-tin films. pp. 38--43
Summary: Electrochemically plated bimetallic Ni-Sn films have been shown to be microheterogeneous. They consist of crystalline and amorphous fine grains sizes of which are less than 100 nm. The grains include Ni3Sn2, Ni3Sn2, Ni3Sn4, Ni3Sn, Sn or Ni in quantities depending not only on the electrolyte composition and plating conditions but on the film thickness. A ratio of Ni to Sn content in the films changes with their growth up to 10 µm, while a distribution of the both metals inside the deposited films is uniform.
Komarov V.S., Shavel A.I., Repina N.S.
Montmorillonite clay activation by phosphoric acid. pp. 44--48
Summary: Adsorption structural properties of a montmorillonite activated with phosphoric acid have been studied depending on an activation time and a quantitative ratio of the acid to a clay mass. The clay mineral activation for 5--6 h has been shown to be accompanied by a complete destruction of its crystalline lattice and to result in an amorphous alumophosphate formation mixing with ultradispersion SiO2. A sorption capacity of the samples obtained achieves values of 0.93--1.0 cm2/g, a specific surface being 130--200 m2/g.
Komarov V.S., Repina N.S., Shavel A.I.
Adsorption and structural parameters of kaolin activated by phosphoric acid. pp. 49--52
Summary: A mechanism of kaolin and meta-kaolin activation by phosphoric acid has been studied. Kaoline activation in contrast to montmorillonite is accompanied by a surface dissolving of its crystals and a slow increase of a specific surface and a sorption capacity of the samples obtained. Meta-kaolin activation mechanism has been established to have his own specifics, i.e. the activation retards reaction components dissolving. The experimental results have been substantinated.
Zhizhenko G.A., Agabekov V.E., Mikhailovskii Yu.K., Kotov E.V.
A role of different components of a corona discharge in an electrodigit image formation in vacuum thermal deposited layers of organic dyes. pp. 53--60
Summary: A contribution of different components of a corona discharge (electronic, X-ray, ultraviolet and visible radiations) into an electrodigit image formation in vacuum thermal deposited (VTD) films of phodamine 6G (R-6G) and of a dye of oxasine series (OX-1). The following facts have been established: 1) a contribution of all the components (except for UV-radiation) into the image formation is neglible; 2) a visible image in the VTD film of R-6G is formed due to a photodecomposition of dye molecules under effect of a "hard" UV-radiation of the corona discharge; 3) an action of the corona discharge of I sec duration on the VTD film of OX-1 of 0.68 mcm thickness is equivalent to that of radiation with a wavelength of 365 nm and a dose of 0.8 j/cm2.
АРГАНІЧНАЯ ХІМІЯ
Koroleva E.V., Chernikhova T.V., Lakhvich F.A.
Cleavage of 4,5-cyclopentaneisoxaolines by dimsilsodium. pp. 61--64
Summary: An effect of dimsilsodium on condenced ketoisoxazolmes and their ketal derivatives has been studied. An interaction of 3-substituded 4,5-cyclopentaneisoxazolines with dimsilsodium has been shown to proceed via isoxazoline heterocycle cleavage on C-O bond resulting in a-, b-unsaturated ketoximes formation.
Nechai N.I., Potkin V.I., Kaberdin R.V., Murashko V.L.
An interaction of 4-bromo-2-nitro-1,1,3,4-tetrachloro-1,3-butadiene with nucleophilic reagents. pp. 65--70
Summary: An interaction of 4-bromo-2-nitro-1,1,3,4-tetrachloro-1,3-butadiene with thioles leads to products of substitution of one or two chlorine atoms in nitrodichlorovinyl group depending on the reaction conditions. A trisubstituted product: 1,1,4-triphenylthio-2-nitro-3,4-dichloro-1,3-butadiene have been obtained with 27% yield in the reaction of 4-bromo-2-nitro-1,1,3,4-tetrachloro-1,3-butadiene with phenylthiole.
Knizhnikov V.A., Makhnach S.A., Mayer N.A.
Bis-(Thienylsulfinate) of titanocene. pp. 71--72
Summary: Dicyclopentadienyltitanium dithienyl reacts with sulfur dioxide resulting in an insertion product on titanum-carbon s-bond, i.e. (C5Н5)2Тi(O2SC4Н3)2, a structure of which has been confirmed by data of elemental analysis, IR, NMR and MS spectra.
БІЯАРГАНІЧНАЯ ХІМІЯ
Bykhovets A.I., Zolotar R.M., Lakhvich F.A., Petrusevich I.I.
Synthetic sex pheromones of Ephestia kuehniela Z. pp. 73--76
Summary: An attractive activity of alkenoderivetives and compounds of 2-acylcyclohehan-1,3-diols series have been studied. Preparative forms of synthetic attractants of Ephestia kuehniela Zll. have been created on their base, the attractants synthesized compare favourably with primary standard samples. A synergetic effect of the attractivity in the case of Ephestia kuehniela Zll. has been established during a combined application of cis-9,trans-12-tetradecadienylacetate with b-tricarbonyl compounds. A coefficient of their combined action depends on a quantity of methyl groups in the 5th position of the cylic part of b-tricarbonyl compounds.
ГЕАХІМІЯ
Strakh L.I., Knatko V.A. Concentration of 137Cs in biogeochemical barrier of cross-section of the marsh of Belarus Polesje. pp. 77--82
Summary: A behaviour of 137Cs in biogeochemical barrier has been considered on the example of landscape-geochemical cross-section "White Marsh" established under conditions typical of landscapes of Polesje where a system of physical-chemical barriers had been created. Distribution peculiarities of the radionuclide between types of a soil mantle have been shown.
Lukashev V.K., Kurso B.V., Loseva E.I., Luneva N.K., Nikitina R.A.
Use of artificial sorbents to monitor radioactivity of Belarus lakes. pp. 83--88
Summary: A possibility has been shown of using artificial sorbents to study radionuclide behaviour in a water. With these sorbents a pollution degree has been determined and a pattern of radioactive cesium distribution has been revealed in a water of lakes of different types.
ТЭХНІЧНАЯ ХІМІЯ І ХІМІЧНАЯ ТЭХНАЛОГІЯ
Zhdanovich I.B., Rudakovskaya T.G., Markin A.D., Mozheiko F.F.
Effect of binders on granulation of potassium chloride. pp. 89--91
Summary: Utilisation of molasses as a binding agent has improved granulating process of small grain KCl. A presence of potassium ferrocyanide or its blend with caustic soda in feed of granulation leads to worsening of KCl particles agglomeration and reduces a strength of the granulate.
Markina A.Ya., Mileshkevich Ya.G., Revyako M.M., Poluyanovich V.Ya., Gorshcharik N.D.
Composites based on polyethylene and modified skin dust. pp. 92--94
Summary: Properties of composites based on polyethylene with 5--20% of skin dust both modified and non modified by diazonium salts have been studied. Positive modification effect on tensile strength and hardness of the composites has been revealed. A substantial decrease of their attrition has been noted while elasticity and flow is preserved.
Stefanyuk I.V., Oleinikova E.L., Shkadretsova V.G., Ilyushchenko A.F.
Plasma jet formation of glass-enamel coatings for steel. pp. 95--98
Summary: Conditions of glass-enamel anticorrosive coatings formation in a plasma jet have been established. Microstructure of plasma and furnace coatings as well as their physical-chemical properties have been studied.
Sheremet L.S., Chutko V.A., Gusintseva A.V., Zaitseva T.A, Parmon S.V.
Chemical composition and biological activity of peat CO2-extract. pp. 99--101
Summary: Chemical composition and biological activity of a peat extract isolated by liquefied carbon dioxide have been studied and possible application of the extract have been determined.
Rudakova O.A., Parmon S.V., Luchinina Ya.L., Prokhorov G.M.
Chemical composition of isopropanol extracts of peat. pp. 102--106
Summary: A nature and a quantity of mineral acids used in the peat extraction with isopropanol have been established to affect an yield and a chemical composition of peat extracts. Substances which increase the yield of these extracts have been determined.
Belous N.Kh., Samuskevich V.V., Stukalenko A.A., Samuskevich L.N.
Effect of binding liquid thermal treatment on composition and properties of phosphate binders. pp. 107--111
Summary: An influence of thermal treatment on anionic composition and rheologycal properties of phosphoric acid and phosphate binding agentsas well as physical-chemical properties of binders based on them have been studied. Condenced phosphate forms has appeared during the thermal treatment of phosphoric acid solutions and permit to prepare binders with improved physical-chemical properties.
Krutko N.P., Opanasenko O.N., Ovseenko L.V., Starostina O.I., Bukowski A., Zelinski J., Gurdzinska E.
Preparation and properties of emulsions based on the modified bitumen. pp. 112--115
Summary: Colloid-chemical properties of bitumenous emulsions based on bitumens modified with mineral oils of Mozyr and Novopolotsk oil-refining plants have been investigated. An introduction of pla(c?)tificated additives into the basic bitumen has been shown to reduce a thermal sensitivity of the emulsions prepared and permit to use them for paving works under conditions of a cold weather.
Chernikova G.P., Agabekov V.E., Gudimenko Yu.I, Galchina G. P., Bazhina G.I., Shibaeva L.V., Buinova I.F.
Thin film material enhancing contrast in photolithography. pp. 116--120
Summary: A water soluble material based on nitrone and polyvinylpyrrolidone has been developed to enhance a contrast in a photolithography process using naphthoquinone-novolac photoresists.
ВУЧОНЫЯ БЕЛАРУСІ
Солдатов В.С., Гладких Л.В., Басалаева Л.И., Козлов Н.Г.
Николай Семенович Козлов (К 90-летию со дня рождения). С. 121--122
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