Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Phys.-Eng. Sci., 2008, No.4
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Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Phys.-Eng. Sci., 2008, No.4
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF PHYSICAL-ENGINEERING SCIENCESPublished by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Number 4, 2008
CONTENTS
TO THE 80th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BELARUS
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS
Vysotskiy M. S.
Belarusian machine engineering in 21th century. pp. 5--16
Summary: The principle tasks of scientific provision of machine engineering as an export-oriented branch are presented in their realization in the State complex objected scientific-technical program "Machine building". Key modern components and their perspectives for machinery are discussed. The main general results of scientific program on elaborating the new models of technique are observed.
Sosnovskiy L. A., Sherbakov S. S.
Generalized theory of limit states of active systems. pp. 17--23
Summary: The generalized criterion of a limit states of an active system is offered. The experimental check has shown its practical acceptability.
Blagodarny V. M., Hloch S.
Influence of mode factors on surface finish roughness at cutting with high-speed hydroabrasive flow. pp. 24--31
Summary: The paper deals with experimental research and evaluation of abrasive waterjet cutting technology process by evaluation of technology factors, which influence the microgeometry feature of 10 mm thick stainless steel AlSl 304 tooled workpiece surface through design of experiments. Significance (sensibility) of four chosen process factors -- independent variables (traverse rate, abrasive mass flow rate, pressure and J/T abbreviation that influence on the surface quality has been evaluated by factors experiment type 24. The surface quality has been evaluated by static quality characteristic average roughness Ra in depth 1, 5, 9 mm. The regression equations obtained from ANOVA and multiple linear regressions give the level quality Ra as a function of the treatment factors. Different factor significance has been found, which generated surface profile under defined conditions by abrasive waterjet. Feeding direction and traverse direction probably causes roughness asymmetry with the change of 180° feeding direction.
Isayevich L. A., Sidorenko M. I., Ivanitski D. M., Malekian M M.
Determination of critical angle and forward slip values for lengthwise rolling of a strip with variable thickness. pp. 32--38
Summary: There is offered a new method of critical angle and forward slip values calculation in the case of strip rolling with variable thickness, invariable reduction and variable ratio of roll diameter to thickness of rolled metal. Furthermore, an experimental method for determining reduction on rolling of strip with variable thickness is presented. Experimental results are brought and compared with calculated values.
Prybylski V. I., Goman A. M., Rakova N. L., Pershukevich M. P.
Calculation of kinematic parameters of potato digger for small contour fields. pp. 39--44
Summary: The basic scheme of potato digger of screen type design for small contour fields satisfying a number of specific requirements to its kinematic and dynamic parameters is described. The technique of detailed calculation of kinematic parameters of two screens representing four-joint mechanisms driving by one power shaft synchronously relative each other is drawn. It is established, that the obtained kinematics parameters: angles of turn, speed and acceleration of the screen parts of an experimental potato-digger sample correspond to necessary conditions for realization of potato gathering and may serve as the initial data for power calculation of the design.
MATERIALS ENGINEERING, METALLURGY
Vityaz P. A., Zhornik V. I., Kukareko V. A., Ivakhnik A. V.
Improvement of tribotechnical materials properties by modifying them with solid nanosized components. pp. 45--49
Summary: The principles of production of high-performance ductile lubricants by implantation of particles of ultra dispersed diamond-containing blend in a structure of their disperse phase ensuring the formation of a ramified structural skeleton and heightened physico-mechanical, physico-chemical and rheological properties of lubricants are set up. The mechanism of tribomechanical modifying of friction surfaces during their tribocontact in environment of lubricant containing solid nanosized components is reviewed. It is shown, that during friction on definite conditions the nanosized substructure is reshaped in thin surface layers, which are characterized by heightened microhardness and extremely high plastic properties, ensuring high resistivity to origin and spreading of microfissures reshaping particles of wear.
Astapchik S. A., Kuzey A. M., Zaitsev V. A.
Surface morphology formation of brilliant collar during circular grinding of a diamond crystal. pp. 50--55
Summary: A mechanism of wearing a crystal natural diamond has been investigated during polishing of abrasive diamond tool. It is established that the major wearing mechanism is contact interaction of flat grain tips with a flat crystal surface. The crystal surface wearing occurs during failure of nanodimensional irregularities of defective surface layer.
Marukovich E. I., Stetsenko V. Yu.
Modification of alloys. Condition, problems. pp. 56--61
Summary: On the basis of the thermodynamic analysis of processes of melting and crystallization it is shown that the basic modifying factors influencing on an alloy structure are: surface-active elements, speed of heat output of crystallization, refinement and protection of interface surfaces of microcrystals against molecular hydrogen.
Byeli A. V., Zharin A. L., Shypitsa N. A., Kukareko V. A., Taran I. I., Saroka D. I.
Investigation influence of 12X18H10T steel ion-beam processing on electron work function. pp. 62--66
Summary: Variation of electron work function for 12X18H10T chromium steel bombarded with high-current density nitrogen ions beam at 620--870 K has been investigated. It has been demonstrated that processing at 620--720 K results in formation of nitrogen solid solution in the surface layer of matrix g-phase and increase of the electron work function as compared with unimplanted steel. Work function variation is explained by the electron concentration increase in nitrogen doped g-phase.
Ivashko V. V.
Phase recry stallization of titanium alloys during thermal cycling treatment. pp. 67--72
Summary: The results obtained when investigating effect of the number of heating cycles, temperature, heating and cooling rates on effectiveness of refining of coarse-grained structures of a + b-titanium alloys are described.
Boyko E. B. †, Komarov F. F., Nagula P. K., Pilko V. V., Serafimovitsh I. G, Fokov Yu. G.
Use of linear accelerator ot neuron generator for light ions implantation. pp. 73--76
Summary: The new application and exploitation schema of the neutron generator is investigated. The structure with the removable blocks allows to solve some new important problems of the ion beam induced materials modification, high dose and high energy light ions implantation.
Kudina E. F., Pechersky G. G., Ermolovich O. A., Poleshchuk N. S., Gartman E. V.
Study of solubility effect of reagents on properties of organosilicate systems. pp. 77--81
Summary: It has been proved that there exists a possibility to forecast properties of just as combined organosilicate systems so their gels proceeding from the parameter of solubility of the initial reagents. The composition of the gel-forming systems has been substantiated. The method of IR spectroscopy has been used to study physico-chemical processes taking place at gelation as dependent on the production technology. The organic-mineral systems based on water glass, acetic acid and glycerin may be employed as the base compositions for obtaining stable combined systems able to form homogeneous and durable gels at elevated temperatures.
POWER ENGINEERING, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Dragun V. L.
The A. V. Lykov Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer -- to the 80th anniversary of The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. pp. 82--89
Summary: Current state, results, achievements and perspectives of most important State scientific and technical programs on power engineering are presented.
Gurevich I. G., Dragun V. L., Martynenko O. L.
The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in a realization of state scientific and technical programs "Power engineering". pp. 90--93
Summary: A review of results, achievements and perspectives of participation of organizations of NAS of Belarus in fulfilment of state scientific-technical programs "Power engineering").
Gubarev S. A., Dragun V. L., Levin M. L.
Temperature kinetics of a human hand at local cold effect. pp. 94--99
Summary: The kinetics of temperature in the area between human thumb and forefinger during and after local cooling is shown. Flow of dry air with temperature -6 and -10 °C was used for cooling from the external surface. Temperature of the inner surface of palm opposite to the cooling area was measured with thermocouple. Temperature inside palm was calculated from the bioheat equation taking into account the blood flow. The main aim of the paper is to determine the depth to which temperature perturbation penetrates under different cooling conditions. The mathematical model of heat transfer is proposed and it applicability to cooling process is shown. For temperature relaxation process the additional investigation of blood flow kinetics should be carried out. It is determined that cooling affects superficial tissues to the depth of 0.8--1.0 cm.
Solovyev V. N., Bida L. A., Khilko L. I., Kolchanov G. G., Hapanenak N. D.
Investigation of high-temperature flash pyrolysis of biomass and organic waste. pp. 100--105
Summary: Description and results of experimental investigation of flash pyrolysis process of wood crude (sawdust) of different fractions from 0.25 to 3.0 mm and mixture of wood sawdust with shredded polyethylene (in ratio 4:1) are given. Method of fast biomass particles transfer from the temperature range about 300 K into high temperature zone up to 1100 K by applying feeder of original construction is used. High output (90 mass.%) of gaseous phase with dominating flammable components --carbon oxide, methane and hydrogen, and low solid and condensed phases output -- coal residue, resin and water condensate was obtained as the pyrolysis result. Specific pyrogas heating value according to calculations equals in average 17.0 MJ/nm3, and efficiency of solid fuel conversion into gas (according heating value) equals about 70%.
RADIOELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENT MAKING
Korshunov F. P., Bogatyrev Yu. V.
Radiation manufacturing technique of power semiconductor devices. pp. 106--114
Summary: Physical bases of radiation manufacturing techniques of power semiconductor devices and practical results of application of penetrating radiations in technology of power silicon diodes, insulated-gate bipolar transistors and MOS transistors are considered.
DIAGNOSTICS AND SAFETY OF TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS
Migoun N. P.
Modern methods and means of nondestructive testing are the guarantors of quality of industrial products and reliability of technical systems. pp. 115--123
Summary: The state of scientific in researches and practical efforts in the field of nondestructive testing and technical diagnostics in Belarus is described Some examples of the most effective practical applications of scientific results obtained during last 2 years within national programs of scientific researches are presented A short characteristics of education and certification of specialists on nondestructive testing, standardization and metrology in that field in Belarus is described.
SCIENTISTS OF BELARUS
Yury Mikhailovich Pleskachevsky (On his 65th birthday). pp. 124--125
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