Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2008, No.2
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Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2008, No.2
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESPublished by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Number 2, 2008
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
Belousova N. L.
Peculiarities of seed and vegetative reproduction of the Primula genus of world flora introduced in conditions of Belarus. pp. 5--8
Summary: The comparative analysis of studying the reproductive peculiarities of the Primula genus representatives revealed their having both seed and vegetative reproduction in conditions of Belarus. It was found that the Primula section species predominantly have vegetative reproduction. As distinguished from them the Candelabra and Denticulata sections representatives by high capacity to propagate by seeds was characterized.
Lunina N. M., Haishun V. V., Svitkowskaja O. I., Rijankova J. I.
Taxonomic composition of the cultivated flora of the ornamental herbaceous plants in Belarus. pp. 9--13
Summary: The data on the taxonomic composition and structure of the cultivated flora of the ornamental herbaceous plants in Belarus were presented. The families and the species count have been analyzed. The most numerous families of the cultivated flora are Asteraceae Dum, Liliaceae Juss., Ranunculaceae Juss. It has been determined that perennials (65%) prevail among the introducents. 110 species have been determined as those characterized by the broadest cultigenous areal in the region. The forecasting recommendations on the perspective of the different floristic world zones to be as the donors for the herbaceous plants introduction to Belarus are given in the article.
Pavlovski N. B.
Influence of the terms of cutting on regeneration properties of green cuttings Vaccinium x covilleanum But. et Pl. (V. corymbosum L.). pp. 14--19
Summary: Regeneration properties of Vaccinium x covilleanum cv. Earlyblue, Bluecrop and Coville green cuttings were defined mainly by the cultivar features and the terms of cutting.
Bashilov A. V.
Accumulation biologically active connections depending on phases of vegetation in vegetative raw materials of representatives of sorts Filipendula Mill, and Polemonium L. pp. 20--25
Summary: They have established, that the maximum of the maintenance secondary metabolits corresponds phase of vegetation flowerings, in during research the dynamics of accumulation pharmacologycally active compounds depending on phases of vegetation in vegetative raw material of representatives of sort Filipendula Mill, and Polemonium caeruleum L. On the basis of research follow the most expedient to make preparation of vegetative medicinal raw material during mass flowerings.
Yakushev B. I., Sak M. M., Anisova Z. M., Golushko R. M.
The interferences Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. on stage of growth and development of seedlings. pp. 26--30
Summary: The evaluation of phytocenotic interference of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. on stage of growth and development of seedling in model experiment are realized. The most informative indexes of phytocenotic interaction of seedling are: physiologically active absorption surface of roots of seedling, the specific surface of roots falling unit of their mass and above-ground organs, the content of chlorophylls and carotinoids was shown. The interspecific interactions at a pine and spruce develop favorably both on stage of growth and developments of seedling, and at mature age of these tree species was founded. Researches are offered to be used for diagnosis of interference of species in phytocenoses, using a stage of growth and development of seedling plants.
Plaks A. V.
Membrane regulation of water homeostasis of Nitella flexilis. pp. 31--36
Summary: Passive proton permeability of the tonoplast of Nitella cells has been evaluated. The ratio of permeability coefficients for H+ and water molecules for the vacuolar membrane has been found to amount to as little as PH/Pf < 0.001. High H2O2/H+-selectivity of aquaporines is shown to be vital for the conservation of pH-gradient on the tonoplast, which plant cells use for osmoregulation. The tonoplast's modification under stress and the possible participation of lipide pores and ion channels in maintaining water homeostasis are studied. Regulation mechanisms of water homeostasis during turgor pressure change are researched. Models of aquaporin selectivity and homeostasis regulation of the cell are discussed.
Kopylova N. A.
Bicarbonate as a protector of chloroplast electron transport chain of plants in water deficit conditions. pp. 37--40
Summary: Bicarbonate can carry out protective function in relation to chloroplast photochemical activity was shown. It was suggest, that action of bicarbonate can be carried out by the way of direct influence on work of chloroplast electrontransport carriers or change of the chloroplast membrane structures. It allows a plant to maintain the effective work of photosynthetic apparatus under intense water deficit conditions.
Guzenko E. V., Lemesh V. A., Khotyleva L. V.
Molecular-genetic analysis of linseed cultivars by the RAPD method. pp. 41--45
Summary: The molecular-genetic analysis made by the RAPD method allowed obtainment of objective data on genetic relations between linseed cultivars. As a result, 280 loci randomly distributed over genome in the linseed genotypes studied were obtained, with 134 polymorphic fragments being detected. Variability in RAPD-loci, revealed in linseed cultivars of different origin, was comparatively high for a self-pollinating crop and a share of fixed recessive loci was moderately low. Consequently, not only wild relatives and primitive accessions (landraces), but also linseed cultivars studied by us may be used as a source of new genes in breeding cultivars of both linseed and flax of double purpose (for producing oil and flax fiber).
Yermishina N. M., Kremenevskaja E. M., Gukasyan O. N.
Regeneration ability of lines and hybrids of triticale and secalotriticum in anther culture. pp. 46--48
Summary: The results of the analysis variance of the factors effecting regeneration ability in anther culture of lines and hybrids of triticale and secalotriticum. It has been shown that the genotype of anther donor plants, the composition of initial medium and interaction genotype x medium were essential for plant regeneration. Non-additive effects of gene interaction prevailed in genetic control of regeneration ability in studied forms of triticale and secalotriticum.
Dalivelya O. V., Savina N. V., Kuzhir T. D., Goncharova R. I.
Geno- and cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. pp. 49--52
Summary: The data on the study of cyto- and genotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in human lymphocytes in vitro are presented. The slight toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide was revealed at the concentrations exceeded 50 µM. In the comet-assay, hydrogen peroxide showed the dose-dependent genotoxic effects. At 100 µM H2O2 the level of DNA damage was increased 10 times. The initial level of oxidative DNA damage decreased with time due to DNA repair, which was most efficient during the first 15 minutes. The experimental data presented confirm genetic risk of environmental contamination with pro-oxidative agents, reveal the patterns of oxidative damage and DNA repair that may be the basis of developing the preventive means of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and other pathology associated with oxidative stress.
Lobanok E. S., Pinchuk S. V., Vasilevich I. B., Vorobey A. V., Kucherov I. I., Podolskaya I. A.
The antioxidant protection of mitochondrions in blood system cells under photodynamic action of endogenous porphyrins. pp. 53--57
Summary: Exogenous a-tocopherol and reduced glutathione protect mithochondrions of blood system cells from photodamages, sensitized in vitro by ALA-induced endogenous porphyrins. The protective action of a-tocopherol and reduced glutathione varies in normal and transformed cells and depends on a ratio of these antioxidants content in cell suspensions.
Domanskiy V. P.
Chlorophyllide esterification and the distribution of chlorophyll among the two photosy stems. pp. 58--60
Summary: An appearance of photosystem 2 activity in dark-grown higher plants demands the threshold amount of chlorophyll which is riched after the fast phase of chlorophyllide esterification. Chlorophyll formed in the course of the fast esterificftion phase is addressed to photosystem 1.
Shalygo N. V., Radyuk M. S., Domanskaya I. N., Shcherbakov R. A.
The influence of low temperature on content of low molerular weight antioxidants in green leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgareL.). pp. 61--64
Summary: The influence of low temperature (+2 °C) on content of low molecular weight antioxidants such as ascorbate, glutathione, carotenoids and water-soluble phenols in green barley leaves was investigated. In such conditions, increase of antioxidant contents especially of reduced ascorbate was shown. After finishing of chilling stress the rapid decrease of total ascorbate and glutathione to the initial level was observed, whereas the content of phenols and carotenoids were lower compared with their amounts before stress. The content of reduced ascorbate in post-stress period remained higher than initial level. The data obtained testify of important role of low molecular weight antioxidants, especially reduced ascorbate in the defense of plant cells from negative influence of chilling stress.
Vereschako G. G, Khodosovskaya A. M., Rutkovskaya Z. A., Konoplya E. F.
Radioprotective action of b-carotin and vitamins A, C and E complex at reproductive system and indices of antioxidant system in mail rat blood and liver. pp. 65--68
Summary: Effects of total irradiation in low dose at the state of rat mail reproductive system, lipid peroxidation processes and antioxidant system in rat blood and liver tissues as well as radioprotective capacity of b-carotin with vitamins A, C and E complex were investigated. It was established that injection of this substances to rat's organism one day before irradiation in 1.0 Gy dose led to normalization of spermatogenic cells number, increase of nucleic acids content in testes and significant improvement of antioxidant status of blood and liver tissue.
Perevolotsky A. N., Bulavik I. M., Perevolotskaya T. V., Paskrobko L. A., Andrush S. N.
137Cs and 90Sr accumulation in wood and bark of oak and black alder under different edaphic sites. pp. 69--73
Summary: Significant effect of edaphic conditions on 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation by wood and bark of oak and black alder were determined. Oak phytomass accumulates up to 1--2.5% of 137Cs and 20--27% of 90Sr from total activity concentration in forest ecosystem, black alder accumulates respectively 2.8--4% of 137Cs and 6.1--10.8% of 90Sr.
Valentsiukevich O. I., Nadolnik L. I., Netsetskaya Z. V., Lupachik S. V., Sushko L. I., Vinogradov V. V.
Effect of mercasolyl-induced hypothyrosis on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and the rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent electron transfer system. pp. 74--79
Summary: The activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO), which is indicated by lowered concentrations of diene conjugates and LPO aldehyde levels (basal level and their production under ascorbate- and NADPH-dependent activation) under conditions of mercasolyl-induced hypothyroidism the rat liver microsomal fraction showed decreased. The reduction in LPO activity was due to inhibition of the components in the cytochrome P-450-dependent electron transfer system it was found. A decrease in NADPH-and NADH-oxidase activities as well as NADPH-and NADH-ferricyanide reductase activities under pronounced hypothyroidism and to elevated microsomal antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and catalase) were found. The data obtained indicate a consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency a pronounced imbalance of the key hepatocyte metabolic systems.
Anisimova E. I.
The structure of helmintes fauna of raccoon dog (Nectereutes procyonoides, Gray) in Belarus. pp. 80--82
Summary: The helminth species diversity of raccoon dog in Belarus was studied. 16 species of helminthes was revealed and systematically were studied. The introduction of raccoon dogs led to change of structure and quantity of parasite-system components. Some features of helminthes are studied. The species being nidus of infection are revealed. The most part of raccoon dogs helminth species which were registered in territory of Belarus was epizootic and epidemic. Raccoon dogs can play a role as potential hosts of zoonose germs.
Efremova G. A., Chaykovsky A. I.
Medical-biology aspects of the nest parasitocenosis of rook (Corvus fragilegus L.). pp. 83--86
Summary: The faunistic complexes of the arthopods connected to a rook (Corvus frugilegus L.) are investigated. Fixed, that basic biocenotics connections in the rook nests are trophic and topical. More then the quarter of the arthopods in rook nests is submitted by bloodsucking species of the arthopods. Among them fleas fam. Ceratophyllidae, gamasid mites Ornithonyssus sylviarum, Dermanyssus gallinae, Androlaelaps casalis and Eulaelaps stabularis have the medical value. High number of a rook in territory villages and towns frames mould the preconditions to transfer of virus infection to poultry and man.
Sidorovich A. A., Sidorovich V. E., Trusilova U. A.
Different in the dietary structure of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in conditions of ecologically poor woodland connected with an intensive felling. pp. 87--92
Summary: It was investigate impact of felling on dietary structure of the red fox in condition of ecologically poor coniferous-small-leaved woodland in northern Belarus on the base 1182 feeding samples (scats and food remains) were analyzed, from which 4338 prey individuals and other food objects were identified. Analysis of differences in prey choice and feeding habits of the red fox in ecologically poor woodland, that have appeared with intensified felling, was done, so feeding plasticity of the species to the anthropogenically transformed habitat structure and food supply was revealed.
Uglyanets A. V., Kudrjashov V. P.
The peculiarities of accumulation 137Cs in tissues and organs of wild boar in the National park "Pripyatski". pp. 93--97
Summary: The peculiarities of contamination of tissues and organs of wild boar by 137Cs in the National park "Pripyatski" were studied. The age differences in the specific activity of organ and tissues of this kind and their absence in sexual sense were discovered. It was established, that the levels of radionuclide's content in tissues and organs came down to 3--8 times during last 10--15 years and the meat and liver of the every third wild boar, bagged in the territory of park, by the index of the radiation safety could be use for food; and the lungs, heart and kidneys of every second.
REVIEWS
Baranova L. A., Zhornic E. V., Emelyanova V. P., Volotovski I. D.
Potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. pp. 98--102
Summary: Nanotechnologies that received the development last decades are the most perspective direction of the modern engineering and medicine. Nanoparticles have special physical properties that allow using them widely in various fields industry, and medicine. However alongside with the strong advantage, nanoparticles can render negative influence on living cells and organisms. In connection with growing use of nanotechnologies there is a necessity of studying of the risk connected to influence of nanoparticles, possible ways of their penetration into organism and molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity. In the review properties of nanoparticles of various size and forms, as well as their influence which they render on animal and human cells are considered.
Sauchanka U. K.
Size and organization of species genomes. pp. 103--110
Summary: The size of species genome is evaluating as a quantity of DNA consisting in one its haploid cell or gamete. That quantity is constant for each species and varies significantly across the different taxonomic groups from to 10 base pairs. The genome size has tendency to grow up with elovutionary time and the early emerged less complex prokaryotic species have the smaller size of genome then the later emerged eukaryotic species. The prokaryotic genomes include about 80--90% of coding sequences and there are the direct positive relation between species genome size and number of genes. Between species genome size, haploid set of chromosomes with their DNA content and complexity of organisms does not exist the positive relation through diversity of eukaryotic species. The eubacterial genes include only coding sequences without introns and many of them are associated into operons. Operon includes several functionally connected genes with common promoter. The archaea genomes have introns in their tRNA genes and they are more close for genome organisation to eukaryotes than eubacteria. The eukaryotic species genome organisation differs significantly both eubacteria and archaebacteria. They have nucleus with varied number of linear chromosomes which is associated with haploid genomes of mitochondria and haploid genomes of chloroplasts in green plant species. Their genes include exons and introns. In eukaryotes the processes transcription and translation are separated and first happens in the nucleus whereas second in the cytoplasm. The eukaryotic genomes carry abundant repeats, transposons, retroviruses and other junk DNA increasing their size.
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
Shelyakin I. A., Kusenkov A. N, Savarin A. A.
New finds of Zerynthia polyxena (Denis et Schiffermuller, 1775) and Xylocopa valga (Gerstaecker, 1872) in Belarus. pp. 111--112
Summary: New Finds of Zerynthia polyxena (Denis et Schiffermtiller, 1775) and Xylocopa valga (Gerstaecker, 1872) inhabited the Belarus Polesye are analyzed.
SCIENTISTS OF BELARUS
Reshetnikov V.N., Rupasova Zh.A., Yakovlev A.P.
Evgenii Antonovich Sidorovich (To the 80th Anniversary). pp. 113--114
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Sushchenya L.M., Volotovski I.D., Kartel N.A. et al.
Lubov Vladimirovna Khotyleva (For her Jubilee). pp. 115--117
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Volod'ko I.K., Spiridovich E.V., Veevnik A.A.
Vladimir Nikolaevich Reshetnikov (To 70th Anniversary). pp. 118--120
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CHRONICLE
Averina N. G., Yaronskaya E. B.
III Belarus-Germany symposium "Biophysics of Photosynthesis. Intracellular signaling and gene regulation in planrs". pp. 121--123
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