Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2008, No.1
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Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2008, No.1
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESPublished by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus |
Number 1, 2008
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
Reshetnikov V. N., Rupasova Zh. A., Garanovich I. M., Ignatenko V. A., Vasilevskaya T. I.
Comparative evaluation of new introduced forms and sorts of Chaenomeles maulei (Mast.) C. K. Schneid based on accumulation of phenolic compounds in fruits in the conditions of Belarus. pp. 5--8
Summary: On the basis of a comparative study of accumulation parameters of phenolic compounds in fruits of the form of chae-nomeles spread in natural fora of Belarus, which is the established comparison standard, as well as in fruits of its 3 sorts – Elly Massel, Vikolene, Crimson Gold and 3 hybrid forms -- ¹ 12, ¹ 16 and ¹ 17 selected in CBG of the NAS of Belarus their ranging according to how promising they are for regional assignment and selection was made for the frst time. It has been shown that priority should be given to sort Vikolene as a natural source of leucoanthocyans, sorts Crimson Gold and especially Vikolene as a natural sources of cathehins, sort Vikolene -- of favonols, sort Crimson Gold -- of phenolcarbolic acids, hybrid form ¹ 12 and especially sort Vikolene -- of tannins. As far as a combination of positive effects is concerned, the most promising sorts from the point of increasing the role of phenolic compounds in biochemical composition of fruits are Crimson Gold and especially Vikolene.
Belousova N. L.
Peculiarities of seasonal growth and development of primula species introduced in Belarus. pp. 9--13
Summary: The peculiarities of seasonal development of 23 primula species introduced in Belarus were considered. Phenological groups on the basis of vegetation and fowering period have been singled out. The length of different species fowering period and peculiarities of generative organs morphogenesis were determined. Interconnection of the beginning of vegetation and fowering of vegetation and the fowering period as well as species phenorhythmotypes were considered.
Podobed M. N.
Effect of man-caused emissions on the contents of plastid pigments in leaves of wood plants. pp. 14--17
Summary: The effect of plastid pigments leaves three species of wood plants on infuence of man-caused emissions of urban environment was studied. Degree abnormality pigmental system beyond at sensible species plants was shown. It was studied by us the horse-chestnut the most sensible towards of man-causeds emissions. Norway maple, tillet possess increased tolerance towards gaseous pollutant. It is necessary take chemical tolerance of wood plants by planting for recommendations of greenery in urban environment.
Soroka A. V., Hetko N. V., Fomenko T. I.
Development of methods of introduction to the culture in vitro some species Cactaceae Juss family. pp. 18--22
Summary: Features of germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of some species of Cactaceae family in culture in vitro were considered. The increase of seed germination in conditions in vitro for species: Mammillaria bocasana poselg. var. Multilanata (98%) and Mammillaria bocasana poselg. var. Rosea (87%) were shown. The more relative low level of the seed germination in vitro -- 30%, was marked at Mammillaria gracillis. The Escobaria zilziana seed germination in conditions of sterile culture has been not marked. All researched kinds have had higher percent of viable seedlings in the culture in vitro. The main reason of destruction of seedlings Mammillaria parkinsonii in conditions of the culture in vitro is the tissue vitrifcation. At all species of cacti cultivated in vitro the formation of large and advanced roots of seedlings in the ÌÑ medium was marked.
Holopuk G. A., Torchik V. I.
Estimation of seed posterity of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco varieties. pp. 23--26
Summary: It was established that the grey variety of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mayr.) Schneid. was characterized by the best quality indicators of seed in conditions of Central Botanical Garden of the NAS of Belarus. The green variety of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. viridis (Schwer.) Schneid. had the greatest intensity of growth and development seedling.
Lovchy N. F., Puchilo A. V., Efremov A. L.
Fermentative activity of litter and soil of oak forests of Belarus. pp. 27--33.
Summary: Fermentative (protertase, intertase, phosphatase and catalase) activity of litter and soil the most widespread types oak biogeocoenosises -- oak sorrel and bilberry forests were analysed. It is shown, that character of distribution fermentative activity in a litter and underlaying soil horizons were similar in all types of oak groves. The highest activity of enzymes characterized a laying in which the basic stocks of organic substance are concentrated. In process of increase in a degree of a mineralization of a laying (subgorizons A02 and À03) activity of enzymes was reduced on the average in 2--8 times. The optimum nitric mode developed in an sorrel oak forest. The parity C to N was more lower in comparison with an oak grove bilberry.
Tarutina L. A., Mishin L. A., Kapusta I. B., Khotyleva L. V.
Inheritance of productivity traits in F1 topcross hybrids of plum-shaped tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). pp. 34--38
Summary: The model of general and specifc combining ability in the «line--tester» crossing system was applied for studying a genetic nature of variability and inheritance of major quantitative traits, determining productivity and early ripeness of the F1 hybrids produced by crossing 13 plum-shaped tomato lines. Overdominance of the genes controlling weight and number of fruits per plant resulted in substantial heterosis. There was no heterosis for the trait «the mean fruit weight» in determination of which additive gene effects dominated. Tomato lines was defned as crossing components and was recommended for their application in heterosis breeding.
Silkova T. A., Fomchenko N. S., Volotovich A. A., Davydenko O. G.
The infuence of genetically and environmental factors upon the productivity of sunfower F1 hybrids bred by Belarus selection. pp. 39--44
Summary: The agronomic traits of 29 sunfower hybrids of Belarus selection obtained from crosses between sterile lines on the cytoplasm of Helianthus petiolaris and fertility restorers were studied in 2005--2006 years. It was revealed that the variation of this traits was affected by two factors: parental lines genotype and the conditions of the year. Nine hybrid combinations in which the oil yield per hectar exceeded the standard on 6.2-37.9% were selected.
Svirshchevskaya À. Ì.
Effciency of use AFLP fngenprinting for identifcations of ginogenetical sugar beet lines (Beta vulgaris L.). pp. 45--51
Summary: The results of AFLP fngerprinting in sugar beet lines of gynogenetical origin are presented. Identifcation of sugar beet gynogenetic lines representing different cultivars became possible due to AFLP primers selection and pertinent DNA profles investigation. The comparison of DNA spectra of donor plants and their gynogenetic offspring helped in assessment of homo/ heterozygosity rate in two diploid standard sugar beet cultivars bred in Belarus.
Kabachevskaya E. M., Liakhnovich G. V., Stovba A. A., Volotovski I. D.
Biochemical characteristics of pos-pholipase A2 of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves. pp. 52--55
Summary: The activity of PLA2 in leaves of cucumber was detected. It is characterized by insignifcant dependence on the concentration of Ca2+-ions, that can be an evidence of belonging cucumbers PLA2 to Ca2+-independent PLA2 type. Enzyme activity was shown to be associated mainly with membrane fractions. Pathogens cause the redistribution of PLA2 activity among the subcellular fractions. PLA2 activity is also sensitive to mechanical damage and the character of its modulation depends on cucumber varieties differs for health and injured plants.
Makarov V. N., Zenevich L. A., Kabashnikova L. F.
Processes of callus induction and plantlet formation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to abscissic acid pretreatment. pp. 56--58
Summary: The action of abscissic acid (ABA) on processes in the culture of matture embryons of wheat were evaluated for their morphogenic capacity. It was shown pretreatment of the seeds before plating of explants enhanced embryogenesis, root and shoot formation. It was suggesting that the endogenous hormonal balanse presents a very important factor defning the in vitro potential of callus culture.
Shalygo N. V., Radyuk M. S., Budakova E. A.
The infuence of cations Cd2+ and Pb2+ on the contents glutathion, SH-containing and activity glutathion reductase in barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.) different species. pp. 59--63
Summary: The state of system of heavy metal detoxifcation in barley seedlings under infuence of Ñd2+ and Ðb2+ cations was investigated. It was shown that control seedlings of more tolerant plants of Dzivosny and Syabra species contein more reduced glutathion (GSH) and SH-containing compounds, have higher ratio of reduced/oxidased glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and higer activity of glutathion reductase (GR) compared with sensitive plants of Gonar and Tuteishy species. Ñd2+ è Ðb2+ treatment results in increasing of parameters indicated above and synthesis of phytochelatins (PC), and formation of PC complexes with cations. At the same time maximal GR activity and level of complexes of PC with cations in such conditions in more tolerant and sensitive plants were practically identical. It is supposed that the appraisal of tolerance of plants to heavy metal cations can carry out with control plants using the parameters of defense system such as level of GSH and SH-containing compounds as well as GSH/GSSG ratio and activity of GR.
Volkova E. V., Zhavoronkova N. V., Abramchik L. M., Kabashnikova L. F.
Effect of the hyperthermia on the sugar content in leaves and coleoptiles of etiolated and greening barley (Hordeum vulgare. L.) and triticale seedlings. pp. 64--68
Summary: It was observed that high temperature (3 hours at 40°Ñ) reduced the contents of all free sugars in etiolated barley and triticale leaves while in coleoptiles sugar level remained without changes. Greening during 1 hour caused an increase of the sugar content in leaves of barley independently of preliminary heat treatment, though. in triticale leaves such effect was detected only in heated plants. 24-hours of greening resulted in decrease of all soluble sugars in leaves and coleoptiles both barley and triticale.
Zhukouskaya L. A., Yarmolinsky D. G., Mikhailova R. V., Semachko T. V., Kartel N. A., Lobanok A. G.
Sequencing and characteristic of glucose oxidase gene of fungi Penicillium adametzii. pp. 69--73
Summary: Purifed DNA of P. adametzii LF F-2044.1 was recovered as a result of completed studies. Primers were selected, gene gox of P. adametzii ËÔ F-2044.1 was isolated by polymeraze chain reaction. Nucleotide sequence of the gene gox of P. adametzii ËÔ F-2044.1 was defned. It was demonstrated the gene consist of 1818 base pairs and encodes polypeptide containing 605 amino acid residues. Nucleotide sequence of isolated gene was homologous to genes gox from fungi of Penicillium genus: P. funiculosum 46.1 -- 99%, P. amagasakiense ATCC 332245 -- 99%, T. favus ATCC 32908 -- 97%, P. variabile P16 -- 86%.
Sapunova L. I., Lobanok A. G., Tamkovich I. O., Bayeva S. V.
Viability and glucose isomerase activity of Arthrobacter genus bacteria under long-term maintenance. pp. 74--81
Summary: Viability and glucose isomerase activity of six strains of Arthrobacter genus actinobacteria preserved during 9 years by regular transfers, under mineral oil and freeze-dried were studied. It was found that lyophilization is preferential technique for long-term maintenance of cultures ensuring high viability, stability of cultural-morphological characteristics and enzyme activity. Periodic (frequency 1--2 times per year) subcultures and storage under mineral oil are suitable methods for long-term maintenance of tested prokaryotes in laboratory practice.
Gorbunova N. B., Chaplinskaya E. V.
Infuence of adrenoblockers on the contents of some regulation proteins in the liver and blood serum of mouses. pp. 82--85
Summary: It was found, that application of adrenoblockers is accompanied by signifcant changes or the tendency to them in the level of b-nerve growth factor, alpha2-macroglobuline in the liver and blood serum of mouses.
Miskevich D. A., Borodinsky A. N., Petushok N. E., Konovalenko O. V., Lelevich V. V.
Particularities of the antioxidative system functioning and running of peroxidation processes in liver of rats under chronic alcoholic intoxication. pp. 86--89
Summary: The causal relationship between level of the NO, activity of the lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage caused by alcohol intoxication were investigated. The second aim of work was to investigate free radical state under chronic and interrupted alcohol intake.
Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats (180g). Four groups of the animals (n-8) were used. Ethanol was administered in a dose of 3.5 g/kg (a 25% solution) intragastrically, two times a day. according to schedule: the I group of animals every day during 42 days, the II group ethanol during 7 days and 7 days of withdrawal during 42 days and III group ethanol injected the same way as I group but one fold per day were injected by non selective inhibitor NO-synthase-L-NAME (25 mg/kg during 42 days). Control was injected 0.95% NaCl. Animals were sacrifced after 24 hours after last drug administration. In the liver homogenates the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathion system, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrite (NOx) were measured. The activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), level, concentration of nitrite (NOx) in plasma were determined.
Results of study are suggested the activity of the lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage of the liver under chronic ethanol intoxication depend on the NO level. Was shown both, the chronic and interrupted alcohol intake caused disbalance in free radicals production and utilization and signs of oxidative stress. But under interrupted ethanol consumption was shown some adaptation to damaging agents. It’s may be due to NO reduction.
Nadolnik L. I., Niatsetskaya Z. V.
Infuence of oxidative stress inductions by Í2Î2 on iodide metabolism in thyrocyte of rat thyroid gland. pp. 90--95
Summary: It was established the short-term (60 min) cell cultivation in the H2O2-containing medium (10.0 and 1.0 mmol/L) completely inhibited iodide (I-) uptake, thyroperoxidase (TPO) activity and I- organifcation during the subsequent 24 hours. The inhibition by 0.1 mmol/L H2O2 had a transitory effect: the total I- levels increased by 520--880% and the protein binding I- levels raised by 220&37hin 8-24 hours, TPO activity was partly recovered after 24 hours. It suggested a possibility of nonenzymatic thyroglobulin iodination under conditions of oxidative stress H2O2-generation. Roles of oxidative mechanisms in thyrocyte function disturbances are discussed.
Silin A. E., Tropashko I. B., Martinkov V. N., Martynenko S. M., Baranov O. Yu., Padutov V. E.
Germline mutation frequencies of genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 at patients with early-onset breast cancer. pp. 96--101
Summary: There was pioneered for Belarus the estimation of occurrence frequencies of mutations 185delAG and 5382insC of gene BRCA1 and also 6174delT of gene BRCA2 by method of heteroduplex analysis and allele-specifc PCR in a group of women with early-onset breast cancer. As a result of the analysis of DNA samples from 112 women participated at studies, there were revealed 11 cases of germline mutations of gene BRCA1. The revealed cases in overwhelming majority are presented by a mutation 5382insC that allows considering it as the most signifcant one for testing of genetic susceptibility to breast cancer in Belarus.
Sidorovich A. A., Sidorovich V. E., Krasko D. A.
The changes in dietary structure of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the ecologically rich woodland in connection with an intensive of hack the wood. pp. 102--108
Summary: To investigate impact of felling on prey choice and dietary composition by red foxes in conditions of ecologically rich coniferous-small-leaved woodland in central Belarus, 722 feeding samples (scats and food remains) were analyzed, from which 1614 prey individuals and other food objects were identifed. It was shown that dietary structure of the red fox has changed a lot when logging was intensifed, indicating feeding plasticity of the species to the anthropogenically transformed habitat structure and food supply.
Pakulnicka J., Moroz M. D.
The fauna of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and bugs (Heteroptera) of the old riverbeds in the Pripyatski National Park. pp. 109--113
Summary: The fauna of aquatic beetles and bugs of the old river-beds in the Pripyatski National Park was studied. The 106 species of them were found. It was concluded the fauna of aquatic Coleoptera and Heteroptera is rich and represented by a number of species rare and protected in Belarus and Europe.
Giginyak I. U.
Larvae of Caddisfies (Trichoptera) of small streams in Berezinsky biosphere reserve. pp. 114--117
Summary: The 14 tributaries of Berezina river were examined. The species belong to 6 families, 33 species were collected and determined. The most rich family was Limnephilidae -- 23 species. It is concluded from this study that fauna of Caddisfies of Berezinsky biosphere reserve is quite rich.
Zemoglyadchuk A. V.
Morphological character of larvae of three species of mordelling beetles Mordellistena parvula groups (Coleoptera, Mordellidae). pp. 118--122
Summary: The description of the larva Mordellistena weisei is given for the frst time. The descriptions of the larvae M. bicoloripilosa and M. brunneispinosa are given. The comparative examination of the morphological features of the larvae necessary for its diagnostics is carried out. The larval host plant of the larvae of the species are pointed out.
SCIENTISTS OF BELARUS
Khotylyova L.V., Sushchenya L.M., Kartel N.A. et al.
Nikolai Vasilievich Turbin (To his 95th birthday). pp. 123--124
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