Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2002, No.4

/ Publications / Scientific Journals

Proc. of the Natl. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Ser. Biological Sci., 2002, No.4

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
(Vestsi Natsiyanalnai Akademii Navuk Belarusi)
SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Published by The Belaruskaya Navuka Publishing House, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

Number 4, 2002

ARTICLES

Sergeichik S. A., Il'yankova T. I.
Influence of formaldehyde on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in woody plants differing in tolerance. pp. 5--10

Summary: : Pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer ("Walz", Germany) was employed for monitoring changes in chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of woody plants of five species from the Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus with using formaldehyde. Efficacy of light utilization in primary photosynthesis reactions was studied using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo) both in control conditions and after influence of different volumes of formaldehyde on plants. It has been established that formaldehyde leads to divergence of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo). Various plant species respond to exposure to formaldehyde in different ways. Populus tremula L. and Betula pendula Roth. have high tolerance to formaldehyde. Fagus silvatica L. and Acer platanoides L. have low tolerance. Aesculus hippocastanum L. has middle tolerance.

Sapegin L. M., Daineko N. M., Timofeev S. F.
Vegetation state in the restricted zone after Chemobyl accident. pp. 11--18

Summary: Vegetation state within the restricted zone in the territory of a former state farm "Savichy" of Bragin District of Gomel. Region was studied 9 agroecosystem associations of the Braun-Blanquet system were selected. Their ecological, biological and economic characteristic is given. The research has shown that the content of Sr-90 in vegetative mass of most agroecosystem associations exceeded normative level.

Khishova O. M., Ishchenko V. I.
Tableting of rhizomes with roots of Valeriana. pp. 19--23

Summary: In the article, technical characteristics and physical and chemical properties of crushed fractions of rhizome powder with roots of Valeriana officinalis are investigated. The possibility of direct tableting in manufacture of rhizome tablets with roots of Valeriana officinalis is shown.

Brichkova G. G., Kartel N. A., Poliksenova V. D., Maneshina T. V., Serdobinsky L. A.
Using Nicotiana tabaccum as a model for growing of transgenic plants resistant to phytopathogenesis. pp. 24--28

Summary: Defensin genes are the group of genes that encode defensive proteins. Protein Rs-AFP2 extracted from Raphanus sativus is a morphogenic plant defensin. It reduces hyphal elongation, induces tip ballooning and branching on susceptible fungi. To obtain tobacco plants resistant to kanamycin (50 mg/l), there was used A. tumefaciens strains LBA4404 with vector pk22rs. The latter contained defensin rs-ap gene extracted from radish and kanamycin resistant selective nptII gene. Using methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis there were selected from shoots two lines of tobacco plants (L1 and L2) that contained defensin rs-ap gene. The test to check the germination of fungal spores in water, containing the fragments of studied tobacco plants, demonstrated enhanced fungiostatic ability of L1 and L2 tobacco plant lines in relation to the fungal spores of B. cinerea 1 and 2 (76% -- 86%). The biotest to check the ability of B. cinerea 3 spores to germinate in sap from the leaves indicated that normal hyphal branching could be observed only in 46% of all hyphae when sap extract of tobacco plants (L2 line) is present. The sap of L1 line gave 68% of normally germinated hyphae. In general, the sap obtained from transgenic plants gave 56% of normally germinated spores which is close to results obtained on radish. Thus, there was revealed fungiostatic influence of defensive protein Rs-ap that is expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, on the mycelium of phytopathogenes of Solanaceae family.

Sidor L. S., Orlov P. A.
Morphogenetic processes in culture of leaf explants of some wheat species (Triticum). pp. 29--32

Summary: Analysis of the parameters characterizing the ability of different wheat species for morphogenetic process induction during culturing of young leaves has been carried out. Hexaploid wheat species were shown to exhibit the highest embryogenic potential and diploid ones -- the lowest.

Titok V. V., Yurenkova S. I., Khotyleva L. V.
Using bioenergetic indices for evaluation of selection value of fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars. pp. 33--37

Summary: The content of adenine nucleotides and nicotinamide coenzymes was analysed in green leaves of plants at the "small spruce" stage for evaluation of bioenergetic status of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars. The relationship between the expression rate of productivity traits and the values of energetic metabolism parameters of developmental shoots was shown. The data obtained indicate the outlook for using tested parameters in evaluation of productivity of selective material.

Kasinskaya S. I., Mikhailova M. E., Tikhanovich N. I., Kamysh N. A.
Variability of Adh, Gpdh, and Sod loci in natural drosophila populations in radioactive regions in Belarus. pp. 38--41

Summary: Genetic structure of natural drosophila populations in various regions of Belarus was analyzed by the allele frequency of Adh, Gpdh and Sod loci. Higher heterozygosity values as well as high S-allele frequency of superoxide dismutase were observed in populations in high radiation regions.

Antipova T. V., Gapeeva T. A., Volotovskii I. D.
Phenotypic features of transgenic tobacco plants with reduced content of phytochrome A when cultivated under natural lighting. pp. 42--43

Summary: The data on some phenotypic characteristics of the transgenic tobacco plants with reduced content of phytochrome A are presented. The differencies in relative flowering time and leaf number at flowering between the transgenic and wild-type plants indicate a crucial role of phytochrome A in control of tobacco growth under natural lighting.

Antonovich A. N., Slobozhanina E. I.
Effect of tret-butyl hydroperoxide on glutathione-protein mixed disulfides synthesis in erythrocytes. pp. 44--46

Summary: Effect of oxidative stress that causes subhemolytic concentrations of t-BHP on glutathione oxidation and synthesis of glutathione-protein mixed disulfides (GSSP) in human erythrocytes was studied. It was shown that when the erythrocytes were incubated during I hat 37 °C with subhemolitic concentrations of t-BHP (0.75--1.25 mM), quantity of the GSSP increased approximately 1.7 times in comparison with control. Increase in GSH in erythrocytes subject to t-BHP-induced oxidative stress accompanied by lowering of GSH level and increase in synthesis of products of lipid peroxidation. At the same time, GSSG/GSH ratio increased 7--9 times after incubation of erythrocytes with 1.25 mM t-BHP in comparison with control. Experiments showed that the synthesis of GSSP in erythrocytes under oxidative stress is reversible. The results obtained suggest that the accumulation of GSSP in erythrocytes can be a reserve for synthesis of GSH at in case of change in conditions of their functioning.

Melnikov S. S., Manankina E. E.
Cytokinins biosynthesis from 5-aminolevulinic acid by chlorella cells. pp. 47--49

Summary: Using specific bioassays, the possibility of cytokinins synthesis from 5-aminolevulinic acid has been shown for chlorella cells. 5-ALA was accumulated in the cells owing to the inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis by levulinic acid sodium salt.

Lobanok A. G., Babitskaya V. G., Plenina L. V., Khlyustov S. V., Puchkova T. A., Derevnina O. N., Osadchaya O. V., Lopatento Yu. S.
The composition and biological activity of submerged mycelia of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing). pp. 50--56

Summary: Dynamics of biomass and biologically active substances accumulation during Lentinus edodes cultivation in laboratory fermenters was studied. The submerged mycelia contained 23--24% of protein, 8--9% of lipids, up to 1800 mg% of phenolic compounds, significant amount of mineral substances, and 3.5% of polysaccharides. The mushroom mycelia stimulated the humoral immune response development induced by ram erythrocytes. Hepatoprotective and antioxidative activity of L. edodes biomass have been revealed.

Shcherba V. V., Filimonova T. V., Babitskaya V. G., Ikonnikova N. V.
Melanin pigments of club fungi (Inonotus obliquus and Phellinus robustus). pp. 57--59

Summary: Elementary composition, functional groups content, and IR spectre of club fungi melanins have been studied. It was established that endo- and exomelanins of I. obliquus and Ph. robustus are melanoproteides and insignificantly differ in physico-chemical properties.

Lobanok L. M., Luksha N. P.
Constrictive responses of aorta in irradiated rats: influence of hypoxia and anoxia. pp. 60--63

Summary: The amplification of constrictive responses of vessels after exposure of rats to a low-power g-radiation in 50 cGy dose (with a dose rate of 2.8 x 10^-7 Gy/sec) is defined mainly by decrease in relaxation influences of the endothelium. Vasoactive properties of endothelial cells are the deciding factor of changes of responses of aorta during the action of agonists of adrenergic receptors in conditions of hypoxia and anoxia. During unsufficient oxygen supply, as opposed to conditions of oxygenation, post-radiation destabilization of endothelial mechanisms of adrenergic control of arterial vessels tone is observed.

Popov E. G., Naumov A. D., Klunduk L. F.
Sexsteroid binding globulin in human blood: analysis of molecular characteristics and possibility of pharmacological regulation of its functions. pp. 64--68

Summary: The molecular characteristics of sexsteroid binding globulin (SBG) were investigated by ³H-5-a-dihydrotestosterone radioligand analyses in microaliquotes of human blood serum samples. Under studied experimental conditions, the SBG demonstrated high conformational plasticity and ability to assume three conformational states (olygo-, di-, and monomer) with different functional activities. Using new lipocarotenoid complex with a radioprotective properties from Shyzophyllum communae K8 and on the basis of the data obtained, we propose a novel effective method of pharmacorrection of SSG-dependent hormonal regulation at human reproductive disfunction.

Roubchenya I. N.
Peculiarities of structure of cellular cooperations of fetus adrenal cortex after acute low-level irradiation during embryogenesis. pp. 69--73

Summary: Peculiarities of adrenal cortex structure of 20-day fetuses after acute irradiation in doses 0.5 and 1.0 Gy on the 9th day and the 15th day of prenatal evolution were studied. It was discovered that the development of displastic processes in tissue of fetal and definite cortex was based on changes in corticocitepool.

Sokolik G. A., Kimlenko I. M., Ovsyannikova S. V.
Migration properties of ^239,240Pu and ²⁴¹Am soils with different sorption complex. pp. 74--77

Summary: Migration ability of ^239,240Pu and ²⁴¹Am in soils with different structure of sorption complex has been investigated. Radionuclide distribution coefficients in the system "solid -liquid phase" of soils were used as a measure of radionuclide mobility. Established distribution coefficients allowed differentiation of the soils according to ^239,240Pu and ²⁴¹Am mobility. It has been showed that mobility of plutonium and americium in mineral soils is higher than that in organic soils with low content of watersolubic humus substances. Among mineral soils, the highest mobility of radionuclides has been determined in sodpodzol friable sandy soils. The influence of soil humus substances on migration properties of ^239,240Pu and ²⁴¹Am has been investigated. On the basis of analysis of ^239,240Pu and ²⁴¹Am distribution between humus fractions, it has been found that humus promotes the fixation of plutonium and americium in solid soil phase. Degree of plutonium fixation by organic matter of the soil is higher than that for americium.

Gulyai I. E., Makarchikov A. F.
Purification and properties of protein with thiamine triphosphatase activity from parsley leaves. pp. 78--81

Summary: Enzyme with thiamine triphosphatase activity has been purified from parsley leaves to an electrophoretically homogeneous state by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration, Servacel KM-32, and Blue Sepharose chromatography. Phosphatase from parsley leaves is a protein with molecular mass of 109 kDa composed of two different subunits of 62.9 and 53.5 kDa. The enzyme had a broad substrate specificity catalyzing hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, pyrophosphate, phosphoenol pyruvate, thiamine triphosphate, and some other phosphate esters. The results obtained indicate that the hydrolysis of thiamine triphosphate in parsley leaves is catalyzed by acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2)

Chumakov L. S.
Description of herbosa and fruticulose phytocenosis and mesofauna of the soils of marsh pine forests in "Ostrova Duleby" preserve. pp. 82--85

Summary: Vegetation and soil mesofauna in marsh pine forests in the territory of "Ostrova Duleby" preserve have been studied. Acorrespondence between the flora and fauna of the preserve and those in the bogs in central and eastern Belarus was found.

Yermolayev V. V.
Description of growth of the European grayling Thymallus thymallus (L.) in the Neman and Vilia basin water reservoirs. pp. 86--89

Summary: During the growth back calculations for the European grayling inhabiting three small rivers of the Neman and Vilia basin (north-western Belarus), it was found that for the fish of the each river, relation between the lateral radius of scale and body length was described by a linear equation. The obtained equations were almost similar. The linear growth of the investigated populations of the grayling can be best described using polinomial function of the second order. The linear growth indexes obtained by the back calculations are slightly different from ones obtained after sizing up the real age and length of the fish in the catches. Substantial difference was revealed when there was not representative sampling of the age groups of the fish.

Anisimova E. I.
Rodents in formation of Polesie helminth associations. pp. 90--92

Summary: Importance and influence of any species of rodents on formation of parasitical associations are investigated in the territory of the Polessky Radiation Ecological Reserve. In forest biotopes, about 70% of differences of helminth species is formed by Cletrionomys glareolus. In other ecosystems, Microtus oeconomus forms helminth associations in small community.

Moller Pillot H., Moroz M. D.
Preliminary results of investigation of Diptera (Insecta: Diptera) in spring ecosystems in Belarus. pp. 93--97

Summary: The fauna of Diptera in spring ecosystems in Belarus was studied. The 11 species of them were new to the fauna of Belarus. It is concluded that the fauna of Diptera is relatively rich and represented by a number of species rare for Belarus and Europe.

Semenchenko V. P., Gorelysheva Z. I.
Seasonal dynamics of structure of planktonic cladocerans in an eutrophic lake. pp. 98--102

Summary: The Shannon index and rank distribution of species have been used for analysis of the seasonal succession in community of the planktonic cladocerans in the eutrophic lake Obsterno (Republic of Belarus). This index is positively correlated with species diversity of phytoplankton and negatively correlated with the temperature, abundance of cladocerans and phytoplankton. The minimal value of index was observed in the middle of summer. It may be connected with high abundance of Microcystis which can be caused by inhibitory effect on larger species of Daphnia. The relationship between cladoceran's species diversity and phytoplankton during seasonal succession is determinated by available source of food and diversity of this source.

SURVEYS

Gordei I. A.
Genetic strategy of triticale breeding (x Triticale, Thch.). pp. 103--107

Summary: The paper concerns genetic stratedies of experimental evolution and breeding of triticale (1950--2000). New methods of triticale development worked out by the author are descibed, and research results on developing a new type of rye-wheat amphidiploids with rye cytoplasm are presented. Cytogenetic peculiarities of secalotriticum genome formation are analysed.

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

Rogovaya E. G.
Ohmic resistance of needles of wood species. pp. 108--110

Summary: Relation between omic resistance of needles and cations contents in celular juice and water content in needles taking into acount age-related changes (using six wood specieses). It was demonstrated that the omic resistance of needles had species specification, seasonal fluctations depending on conditions of assimilation apparatus and total cations contents in celular juice and needles hydrofication.

Kalitukho L. N., Budai I. N., Makarov V. N., Pshibytko N. L., Kabashnikova L. F.
Daily dynamics of proton pump activity in barley rootage cells (Hordeum vulgare L.). pp. 111--112

Summary: Daily changes of proton pump activity of root system intact barley seedlings of have been investigated. Rhythmicity of curves showing dependence of proton pump activity on incubation period and increase in variability during maximum activity of H⁺-pump functioning was revealed.

Soroka O. N., Gvozdkova T. S., Zalashko M. V.
Caroteogenesis of fungi Laetiporus sulphureus M131 on the basis of different nutrient substances. pp. 113--115

Summary: Growth and carotenoid production by basidiomycete Laetiporus sulphureus on the basis of different mediums (potato, soya flour, peas flour supplemented with glucose, melassa and starch as a carbon source) has been studied. The active fungi growth was noted as regards all tested mediums. It was shown that the index of biomass was higher by 50-70%, but the index of carotenoids was lower than those in control.

Mironova G. P.
Effect of intrabulbar injection of kainic acid and kainate receptor blocker on intestinal serotonin pool. pp. 116--117

Summary: Application of kainic acid to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVM) induced a decrease in serotonin catabolism in the duodenum and its increase in the ileum, whereas combined application of kainate receptor blocker g-D-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid and kainic acid to the RVM increased the intensity of the serotonin turnover in the duodenum and decreased it in the ileum.

Gurbo T. L.
Physical growth and development of the children ages 4 to 7 in Minsk Region. pp. 118--121

Summary: In 1999--2000 the research on physical development of 758 children ages 4 to 7 in Zhodino and Ivenetsky District of Minsk Region was conducted. For investigated children the Philippine test was conducted, and indices of "school maturity" were calculated. The outcomes of physical development research on the children were analysed in comparision with the similar data received in the second half of the 90-s in Minsk and Vitebsk of the Republic of Belarus. Children from countryside (Ivenetsky District) are characterized by higher values of main indices of physical development. Children under the school age of Minsk are the most gracial. The girls at the given stage of development anticipate the boys in intensity of processes of growth and maturing, at age 7 proportion of "immature" among researched children of both sexes makes up 2--5%.

REVIEWS

Davydenko O. G.
Population genetics helps conserve forest resources. p. 122

/ Publications / Scientific Journals / Back to Top of Page